Understand the Steps in Onion Cultivation Practices
Onion is a modified underground stem vegetable used in Indian dishes, known for its pungency and aroma. Here's a package of practices for onion crop.
Climate Requirement
-The optimum temperature: 15-20°C
-Onions prefer cooler temperatures during early stages and warmer conditions at bulb formation
Soil Requirement
-The soil should be well-drained, loamy or sandy loam soil
-It should have a pH range of 6-7
Nursery Management
Sow the seeds in raised beds, maintain moisture, and protect from pests and diseases for 35-40days, then transplant to main field.
Main Field Preparation
-Plough the field to fine tilth and add FYM
-Flat beds or broad bed furrows can be formed for transplanting the seedlings.
Transplanting
Seedlings of 8-9 weeks are transplanted to main field with a spacing of 15 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants.
Nutrient Management
-Apply N:P: K at 60: 24: 24 kg/Acre
-Nitrogen is given in split as a basal and top dressing for better uptake.
Water Management
-Irrigate the fields immediately after transplanting and at every 8-12 days depending on soil moisture.
-Avoid waterlogging
Weed Management
Maintain weed-free onion fields for the first 6-9 weeks by hand weeding to prevent yield loss and ensure healthy growth.
Pest Management
Destructive pests like thrips and onion maggots can be controlled with insecticides and cultural practices effectively.
Disease management
Major fungal diseases like downy mildew and purple blotch can be controlled with crop rotation, fungicides, and proper spacing.
Harvesting
-Green onions are harvested at 3 months and dry onions at 5 months.
-Harvest signs: Leaves turn slightly yellow, bulbs turn to red colour.
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