The rice leaf folder disease is characterised by folded leaves that become white and dry. This is one of the common diseases seen in rice crops. Without effective management steps, it is not easy to tackle pests.  

Rice Leaf Folder Symptoms:

The most common symptom of rice leaf folder disease is the longitudinal folding of the leaves. The larva of the pest resides inside this fold. It feeds on the green tissues, leaving the leaves white and later dry. Under severe infestation in the field, all crops show similar symptoms and the field will look scorched.  

Preventive Measures

Applying chemical or biological control measures is the best way to prevent this disease. It is also recommended to avoid using nitrogenous fertilisers excessively. Another way to prevent this is to keep the bunds clean.  

Rice Leaf Folder Chemical Control

• Caldan 4G is an insecticide that works in systemic and contact methods as well as by stomach action. This belongs to the nereistoxin analogue group that can effectively eliminate caterpillars. It is eco-friendly and effective for a long time against all stages of insects. You can use it in combination with other insecticides and fungicides as well. The recommended dosage is 7.5 to 10 kg per acre and you must keep standing water for 2-3 days after application.  
• Talstar FMC Insecticide contains bifenthrin 10% that provides broad spectrum bactericidal and insecticide properties. It is highly effective against chewing pests and termites (when it bids with soil particles). It stays stable even at higher temperatures and causes less irritation. The dosage should be 1 ml per litre of water or 200 ml per acre with a 15 days interval between sprays.  
• Rilon Insecticide made of 5% emamectin benzoate can act against lepidopteran insects via a unique mechanism. It is absorbed by the leaves and stays as a reservoir inside the leaves. When the insect feeds on the foliage it releases the chemical that contracts its muscles leaving them dead. These water-soluble granules have a dosage of 0.5 gm in one litre of water.  
• Hibiki Insecticide is an organophosphorus product that acts quickly and works on a wide variety of pests through contact and stomach action. It contains chlorpyriphos 50% that work for a longer period. The dosage is 1.2 ml per litre or 200 ml/acre.  

Chemical management of Rice Leaf folder:

Conclusion

You can effectively manage the trouble caused by rice leaf folders using any of these insecticides on the field. We hope that this information will be helpful to you. To get all kinds of information related to crops visit our website  https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/ or give a missed call on our toll-free number 1800 3000 2434.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Green rice leafhopper is scientifically known as Nephotettix virescens which causes discolouration of the leaves and also functions as a carrier for several viral diseases. They lay eggs on the leaves which feed on the foliage. These pests are harmful at all stages of its life.

Symptoms

The common symptoms of infestation of green rice leafhoppers include yellowish leaves, retarded or stunted growth, dried plants etc.

Preventive Measures

Avoid setting up nurseries near street lamps as it can promote the growth of insects. The nursery should also have 2.5 cm of water and use any kind of insecticide to keep a check on them.

Chemical Control

• Chess Insecticide is an effective control measure against rice hoppers and can control other pests like aphids at all its stages. This insecticide contains water-soluble granules made of 50% pymetrozine. It has a low impact on the environment and is safe for beneficial insects, as well as easy to use. The recommended dosage is 1- 1.5 gm per litre of water.
• Lara 909 Insecticide is a combination of pyrethroids and organophosphate that works through contact and stomach poisoning. It contains chlorpyrifos 50% and cypermethrin 5% which works on different types of insects. The dosage recommended is 300-400 ml.
• Anshul Laksh Insecticide affects the hyperthyroid of insects and works on a wider spectrum of pests. Technically it contains lambda-cyhalothrin 5% which works on insects that are resistant to other types of insecticides. The dosage to be used is 1 ml per litre.
• Anant Insecticide has a translaminar mode of action. It will comfortably get absorbed by the leaves and then spread across the different parts for wider coverage and protection. Chemically it contains thiamethoxam 25% which acts on the inside of the insects. It is economical and easy to use with longer effects. The dosage recommended is 0.3 gm per one litre of water and must be sprayed with an interval of 12-15 days for best results.

Conclusion

Most of the insects are resistant to older insecticides and they no longer work on them. These above-mentioned insecticides are effective against such resistant varieties for more effective control and long-term effects. These insecticides must be used with proper preventive measures. Using other integrated pest management systems could also be done along with this for the best results. Moreover, the insecticides chosen must be used as recommended along with the proper interval periods mentioned.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Brown plant hopper in paddy is a serious pest in all rice growing regions of India. They are brown-coloured or yellowish-brown insects that cause the browning of the crops. They are found mainly on the base of paddy plants above the water level. They are two types: Brown back plant hopper and White backed plant hopper. They are harmful in all of their growth stages. But, they mainly infest the crop during the active growth stage of the plant i.e Tillering stage to flowering and grain formation stage. It frequently occurs in rainfed and irrigated wetland areas.  The crop loss due to brown plant hopper ranges from 10 – 90% but if timely control measures are not taken up, there may be possibility of total crop loss within a very short period. They act as vector for rice grassy stunt and rice ragged stunt diseases. 

Symptoms Of Brown Plant Hopper in Paddy

• The common symptoms caused by the plant hoppers are dry plants or hopper burns or a scorched appearance on the leaves.  
• Matured plants may also show circular patches of dryness.   
• The infestation occurs in patches and hence called as “Hopper Burn”  
• Sooty mould development at the base due to honeydew secretion confirms the presence of brown plant hopper 

Preventive Measures

• The crops must be planted at a minimal distance of 30 cm to avoid the spread of the pests and maintain a rogue spacing at every 2.5-3 metres interval 
• Maintain field sanitation by keeping the main fields and bunds free from weeds which harbours BPH population 
• Avoid continuous cultivation of paddy crop in a year and use early maturing varieties to reduce BPH abundance and damage 
• Irrigation must be done with wet and dry stages / Alternate wetting and drying of the field must be followed.  
• Light traps at night and using a yellow pan during the daytime are also recommended.  
• Use neem oil along with the insecticides.   
• Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers 
• Do not use Chloropyriphos, Phorate, Profenophos and Synthetic Pyrethroids like Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Bifenthrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Beta-cyfluthrin which increases the pest infestation. 
• Do not apply any fertilizers after panicle emergence, if done it will increase pest infestation 
• Use resistant varieties and do not use or limit the usage of pesticides in the initial crop stages 
• Remove the weeds on the bunds and planting sesame, marigold, cowpea and lady’s finger on the bunds can reduce the infestation to some extent 
• Using organic manures
• Adopt chemical method of control or spray chemicals only if there are more than 10-15 plant hoppers per plant at tillering stage and more than 20-55 plant hoppers per plant at panicle emergence stage. The sprayed chemical should fall or reach to the base of the plant which is the site of insect infestation.  

Some effective chemicals to control Brown Plant Hopper in rice

• Token Insecticide is systemic in nature with quick knock down action. It contains Dinotefuron 20% SG. It offers excellent rainfastness with quick absorption. It should be applied mainly at the initial stage of pest incidence when there are around 10-15 hoppers per paddy hill. It should be applied at 0.3-0.4 gm/lit water or 60-80 gm/acres.  
• Pexalon Insecticide has Triflumezopyrim 10% SC which acts immediately on the insects from feeding on the leaves. It is effective against hoppers with a single use at the right time. It provides long-term effects for up to 21 days. It is light on the environment and hard on pests. The dosage recommended is 94 ml per acre or 0.47 ml per litre. Provides better result when applied at 45-60 DAT if the pest incidence occurs. 

• Katyayani BPH Super is a suitable insecticide against brown plant hoppers. It contains Pymetrozine 50% WG. It can be mixed in small quantities as needed and sprayed on the plants. The dosage should be 120 gm per mixed in 200 ml of water.   
• Ulala Insecticide is one of the best solutions for harmful pests while keeping the beneficial insects safe. With Flonicamid 50% WG this foliar spray works through translaminar and systemic methods. Mix 60-80 gms of the product for an acre of land.   

Other chemicals that can be used for management of Brown plant hopper in paddy:

 Conclusion

It is important to use an environmentally safe insecticide that works only on harmful insects. These insecticides mentioned here can work as a selective feeding blocker on certain pests while keeping the good ones away from their action. You must also have preventive measures taken for better pest management. The interval period must be identified properly and the products should be used accordingly. You must remember that excessive use of insecticides will not bring the same results but will instead increase the insect incidence which inturn increases the cost of cultivation. 

Explore More: Paddy Planting and Package of Practices

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Stemborer in Rice is one of the most common pests of paddy. Both male and female moths differ in size and have presence or absence of a black spot. The females are larger with a black spot which is absent in the smaller-sized male moths. They lay eggs that grow to become larvae and then pupa before they become adult moths.

Symptoms of Stemborer in Rice

The biggest symptom of Stemborer in Rice is the cluster of brown-colored eggs near the tip of the leaves. The larvae penetrate the central shoot resulting in drying of the shoot causing a ‘dead heart’. In an adult plant, the infestation causes drying of the panicle which is called ‘white ear’.  

Preventive Measures

• Spraying neem seed kernel extract or neem oil are one of the effective preventive measures.  
• Clipping the affected seedling tips should be done before the transplantation. This will remove the egg masses.  
• The next should be using some quality insecticides.  

Chemical Control For Stemborer In Rice

• Virtako Insecticide is in granular form with a dual action method on the pests. Containing Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% and Thiamethoxam 1% GR, it gives longer protection to the crops. It is safe for the environment and the plants by helping them with better yield and no cause for stunted growth. The recommended dosage here is 2.5 kg per acre with a 20-30 DAT during the vegetative or tillering stage.   
• Cover Insecticide is in the anthranilic diamide class having a novel action on the ryanodine receptors of the insects. It contains Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% GR. It works just by the contact but better by the ingestion of the plant material that is sprayed on. The recommended dosage is 4 kg per acre.  
• Koranda Insecticide is a synthetic pyrethroid that has both contact and systemic actions and works on a broad spectrum of insects. It is specifically active against lepidopteran insects that affect different crops. The active ingredients here are Chlorpyrifos 50% and Cypermethrin 5% EC. The dosage recommended is 400 ml per acre or 2 ml per liter of water
• Alanto Insecticide is part of the neonicotinoid class that contains Thiacloprid 21.7% SC. It is stable under sunlight and rain and remains on the leaf surface for extended effects against insects. The active ingredient penetrates into the leaf to affect the nervous system of the insects. Use 2 ml in one liter of water. 

Conclusion

A wider variety of insecticides could be used for the Stemborer in Rice for better pest management. We hope that this information will be helpful to you. To get all kinds of information related to crops visit our website  https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/ or give a missed call on our toll-free number 1800 3000 2434. 

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

The rice ear head bug is also known as the gundhi bug since it emits a bad odour. These bugs are greenish yellow in colour with slender bodies with a distinct bad odour. Both the nymphs and adults attack paddy and cause damage.  

Symptoms

The most visible symptoms are the black spots appearing on the grains and the bad smell during the milky stage. The bugs suck out the sap from the grains causing it to be flaky.  

Preventive Measures

There are no specific preventive measures to control the gundhi bugs. All you can do is apply insecticides and other pesticides during the flowering and milky stages and later at maturity. Dusting fly ash which is available from thermal power stations could be one way of controlling them.  

Chemical Control

• Neo Super insecticide contains 75% thiamethoxam from the neonicotinoids group. It is a systemic product that is easily absorbed by plants. It will also be transported to other parts as well. It is non-toxic to those who consume it but can affect the respiratory tract of insects causing trouble. The recommended dosage will be 60 gm per acre.  
• Areva Insecticide is from the neonicotinoid group, coming as soluble granules. This is highly powerful even at a low dosage and stays safe for the environment. It is easily absorbed and is transported to other parts to give complete protection. It enters the insect via different methods and affects the central nervous system. Use 40 gm per acre for best results.  
• Extra Super insecticide comes under the neonicotinoid group. It contains 25% thiamethoxam that works against sucking pests. It is safe for mammals and can cause damage to other pests as well. It has translaminar action and can be systemic also. Mix 40-80 gms for one acre of land. You may also mix 0.3 to 0.5 gm per litre of water.  
• Voliam Flexi insecticide is a composition of thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole. Each of these has a different mode of action to be effective against the pests. It is safe to be used for harvesting crops but should be avoided during the bee activity period. Just mix 0.5 ml in one litre of water.  

Conclusion

One must always be careful while using insecticides on paddy as it should not compromise the yield quality. The best way to ensure this is not to use any close to the harvesting time. 

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.