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Geolife Carbon Stone: Boosts soil health, improves cotton growth and yield, eco-friendly farming

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Geolife Carbon Stone: Boosts soil health, improves cotton growth and yield, eco-friendly farming
Geolife Carbon Stone: Boosts soil health, improves cotton growth and yield, eco-friendly farming

Carbon Stone is an organic carbon-rich product extracted through proprietary Microbial Extraction Technology. Resembling a stone, it contains activated carbon and plays a crucial role in soil health and crop productivity. The optimal carbon level in soil ranges from 0.5% to 3%. Unfortunately, over the past 70 years, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) levels in India have significantly declined, dropping from 1% to 0.3%. To counter this decline, external carbon application becomes necessary. Carbon Stone enhances rhizospheric soil fertility by improving Water-Holding Capacity, Aeration and Nutrient Availability. It also serves as a habitat for beneficial soil microbes. These microbes contribute to nutrient cycling and overall soil health. It supports microbial communities, leading to better flower sets and increased crop yield. In this article, we have explained how carbon stone is beneficial for the cotton crop. 

Cotton Crop 

Cotton crop is one of the important cash crops in India and India is one of the major cotton growing countries in the world covering over 9.44 million hectares. Climatic changes, poor soil health, water scarcity and infestation of crops with various pests and diseases are all the reasons for decreased productivity in India when compared to global average and It is possible to increase the productivity by the introduction of carbon stone. Cotton crop has four critical growth phases which include vegetative stage, flowering stage, and maturity stage. All four growth stages are equally important in acquiring significant yields and ignoring any of the above stages would result in severe yield losses. 

Crop Growth Stages 

  1. Vegetative stage
  2. Flowering Stage / Reproductive Stage
  3. Maturity Stage
  4. Harvesting Stage

Crop Management with Geolife Carbon Stone at various stages of cotton crop 

As a cotton plant grows, the demand for nutrients increases. Earlier in the season, the plant sends all resources into vegetative and root growth. Plants may shed squares and small bolls to preserve larger bolls if the nutrient supply is low. This occurs more often after environmental stress like cloudy weather, high temperatures, moisture stress, or leaf damage during flowering. The application of carbon stone decreases dependency on synthetic fertilizers, encourages environmentally sustainable farming, and improves drought resilience. 

1. Vegetative Stage 

Vegetative growth in cotton involves leaf, node, and root development. During early stages, root growth is prioritized. Carbon Stone, a crop nutrition source in the form of carbon, enhances root development in the rhizosphere. This contributes to overall plant growth in cotton, including root formation, branching, crop height and dense foliage.

Crop Development 

Application of carbon stone during this stage helps to improve the root development in the  rhizosphere. thereby it leads to growth of the main stem, branches with foliage. It resulting in increasing the photosinthesis. When the cotyledons emerge through the ground and spread apart to reveal the apical meristem and hypocotyl, the seedlings have fully established themselves. By this period plant required essential nutrients.

Product Usage 

  • Carbon Stone is sprayed at a rate of 1-2 kg/ha during the vegetative stage. 
  • Carbon Stone supports a diverse microbial community in the rhizosphere, providing essential nutrients for vegetative growth of the cotton crop. 
  • Carbon Stone fosters soil biological activity, maintaining soil health and preventing erosion by supporting microorganisms in decomposing organic matter and releasing nutrients. 
  • Carbon Stone enhances nutrient cycling by making nutrients more available to plants, reducing the reliance on synthetic fertilizers and improving overall nutrient efficiency. 

2. Flowering Stage / Reproductive Stage 

The flowering period typically lasts four to six weeks and is characterized in terms of weeks of bloom. As the once beautiful cotton flower withers and dies, it shrivels up, turns brown, and flakes off. But fear not! Your cotton plant isn’t dying; it’s undergoing a transformation. The developing boll grows larger, transitioning from green to purple and finally brown. When it reaches its full size, the bracts dry, and the boll cracks open. Over time, the bracts continue to separate until the cotton is fully exposed—an open boll that resembles a unique kind of bloom. 

Crop Development 

Carbon stone helps to develop branches with several meristems that develop into fruiting buds and a zigzag growth pattern. Usually, at mainstem nodes 5 or 6, the first fruiting branch appears. Approximately every three days, new fruiting branches begin to sprout, and every six days, squares begin to form at new locations on fruiting branches. Carbon Stone results in improved crop yields, better quality, and increased resistance to stress during this stage. 

Product Usage 

  • During  the flowering stage/ Reproductive stage, the carbon stone is applied close to the root zone at a rate of 1-2 kg/ha and soaked to the roots by dissolving in a large amount of water. 
  • Application of Carbon Stone improves the availability of nutrients, improved structure, and enhanced water retention in the rhizosphere directly contribute to increased crop productivity and yield. Healthy soils with sufficient organic carbon support robust plant growth and reduce the conventional fertilizer application.

3. Maturity Stage   

As the cotton plant matures, the bolls open. The maturity stage typically begins when the initial square appears on nodes 5-7. When the boll reaches its maximum weight and size, it is considered mature. Boll dehiscence occurs as the fibers and seeds inside the fruit ripen. The boll opens when its walls crack and dry. 

Crop Development 

This stage starts at 105- 130 days after planning. Plant node setting and square development are signs of reproductive growth. When the fruiting branch forms, the square (pre-bloom flower bud) forms. This is where the initial square is generated. A second position square and a subtending leaf will be produced by the axillary meristem. 

Product Usage 

  • At the Maturity stage the Carbon Stone is supplied through irrigation water. The recommended dose is 1-2 kg/ha. 
  • Carbon Stone boosts rhizospheric soil fertility and structure, enhancing water-holding capacity, aeration, and nutrient availability for improved plant growth.

4. Harvesting Stage 

Harvesting is a very important stage and a good harvest always depends upon the nutrition application and cultivation practices that are followed during crop production. In cotton the crop comes to harvest in 120-130 days after sowing and it is possible to obtain 3-4 consecutive harvests in one season. The healthy crop cultivated following all proper agronomic practices gives an average yield of 10 to 12 quintals/acre. 

Conclusion

Carbon Stone enhances soil microbes in the rhizosphere, indirectly improving nutrient availability and crop growth. Higher organic carbon content boosts drought resistance, promotes eco-friendly farming, and reduces reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Carbon Stone positively influences cotton yield by supporting root growth, photosynthesis, flowering, fruiting, and overall crop health.

Geolife Carbon-Stone: Enhance Soil Carbon, Nutrient Availability, and Crop Growth

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Carbon-Stone: Enhance Soil Carbon, Nutrient Availability, and Crop Growth
Carbon-Stone: Enhance Soil Carbon, Nutrient Availability, and Crop Growth

Are you experiencing soil organic carbon depletion as a result of farming practices, which could lead to nutrient deficiencies in your plants?

The solution is here! Introducing Carbon-Stone. A product that resembles a stone and is made of activated carbon, produced using an approved method of microbial extraction. By lowering soil organic carbon caused by farming techniques, it assists in supplying the right amount of carbon to the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere microorganisms require activated carbon to develop, as it helps with nutrient insoluble forms.

How Carbon-Stone works?

  • Microbial Support: By promoting the development of a range of microscopic organisms in the soil surrounding plant roots, Carbon-Stone helps provide plants the nutrients they require to grow.
  • Soil Improvement: It improves the clumping and structuring of soil particles, which increases the soil’s capacity to retain water. This enhances the soil’s ability to hold and utilize water.
  • Drought Protection: Carbon-Stone improves the soil’s ability to retain water by increasing the quantity of organic carbon in the soil surrounding roots. This reduces the possibility of dryness.
  • Nutrient Boost: By modifying the rhizosphere’s Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Carbon-Stone increases the amount of nutrients that are available to plants. Thus, the plants will have an easier time obtaining the nutrients they require.
  • pH Stability in Acidic Soil: It balances the soil’s pH, maintaining it constant. In order to continuously offer an atmosphere that is suitable to plant growth, this is important.
  • Enhanced Productivity: Carbon-Stone immediately contributes to higher crop productivity and output through improved soil structure, improved nutrient availability, and enhanced water retention. 

Benefits of Carbon Stone

By improving air circulation, nutrient availability, and water-holding capacity for better plant growth, Carbon-Stone 

  • Raises the fertility of rhizospheric soil.  
  • It helps increase soil biological activity, reduce climate change, and retain carbon. 
  • A higher percentage of organic carbon increases resistance to drought, encourages environmentally responsible farming, and lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. 
  • Additionally, it lowers greenhouse gas emissions and increases irrigation efficiency. 
  •  Testimonials show increased crop quality, yields, and tolerance to challenges. 

Suitability 

Carbon-Stone is suitable for all crops, including decorative plants, fruits, and vegetables.

Dosage

Apply 1-2 Kg /acre.

Application details  

How to use Carbon Stone: 

  • Broadcasting: You can apply Carbon-Stone uniformly throughout the planting area and combine it with other fertilizers at the same time. 
  • Drenching: Dissolve Carbon-Stone with a sufficient amount of water, and then apply or pour it near the plant roots.
    Drenching: Dissolve in an ample quantity of water and apply near the root zone.  Repeated 
  • Drip Irrigation: Use Carbon-Stone with a drip irrigation system after dissolving it in enough water to reach the plant roots. 

Carbon-Stone is compatible with all Agrochemicals

Direction for Use

The quantity of Carbon-Stone that you use will vary depending on a number of factors, including the kind of soil, weather, plants’ needs, and application technique. Find out which remedies from this label are most effective in your area by consulting the specialists at your State Agricultural Experiment Station or Extension Specialists. When plants don’t have enough water, don’t use this product. 

Storage and Disposal

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal. 

STORAGE: Keep out of direct sunlight and keep in a dry, cool place. Broken container spills can be cleaned up by soaking them on clay or other appropriate absorbent material.

Note: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

Geolife Bactogang 24: Boost Soil Fertility and Crop Growth with Microbial Power

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Bactogang 24: Boost Soil Fertility and Crop Growth with Microbial Power
Bactogang 24: Boost Soil Fertility and Crop Growth with Microbial Power

Are you having trouble getting your crop to completely flourish, perhaps because your soil is deficient in certain nutrients? 

It’s time to stop worrying. Introducing Bactogang 24
Bactogang-Gang 24 of Bacteria isn’t just a typical microbial biofertilizer; it is a unique product meticulously crafted with a team of 24 helpful microorganisms. This ground-breaking product plays a major part in enhancing the soil’s overall fertility by rejuvenating and improving the soil’s nutritional quality. 

Composition

A distinct combination of  

  • Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria,  
  • Phosphate Dissolving Bacteria, and  
  • Potassium Dissolving Bacteria.  
  • Other Beneficial  micronutrient 

It uses microbial extracts and live microbe partnerships and provide unique solution that promotes all-around crop development. With its three kinds of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bactogang is made to improve the soil’s nutrient profile and support the general development and well-being of your crops. 

Mode of Action

The process of Bactogang involves the breakdown, fixation, and mobilization of insoluble N, P, and K into forms of nutrients that are readily available. By successfully fixing and making essential nutrients available for plant uptake, this process improves soil fertility. 

Benefits

  • Improved Nutrition Availability: Bactogang makes key nutrients more readily available, giving plants the resources they require for strong, healthy growth. 
  • Better Soil Structure: The use of Bactogang improves the overall quality of the soil for plant growth by helping to improve the soil’s structure. 
  • Enhanced Organic Matter Content: By adding more organic matter to the soil, this biofertilizer makes the soil more nutrient-rich and productive. 
  • Balanced Microbial Population: By assisting in the preservation of a healthy microbial population in the soil, Bactogang fosters the development of a favorable environment for plant growth. 
  • Strong Microbial Species & Enhanced Soil Fertility: Bactogang’s strong microbial species offer a favorable environment for plant nutrition and development by enhancing soil fertility. 
  • Illness Suppression & Reduced Chemical Dependency: Bactogang contributes to the prevention of illness and lessens dependence on chemical inputs, encouraging the use of environmentally friendly and sustainable farming practices. 

Crops compatibility

Bactogang can be used in all crops (vegetables, flowers, cereals, pulses, fruits, spices). 

Dosage

Apply 500 ml / acre for 200 litres of water. 

Application

  • Apply Bactogang by soaking the soil surrounding the roots of the plant to make sure it comes into direct touch with the root zone. 
  • Drip Irrigation/Drecnhcing: To ensure effective distribution to the plant roots, dissolve Bactogang in water and apply through drip irrigation or drenching near root zone. 
  • Broadcasting: combine Bactogang with organic manure to maximize soil fertility by utilizing the combined advantages of both. 
  • To enhance its benefits and advance overall soil health, mix Bactogang with Jivamruta. 

Compatibility

Bactogang should not be used with pesticides since it includes live bacteria, and pesticides may harm these beneficial microorganisms. But it works well with Jivamruta, sand, and organic manure. By combining Bactogang with these substances, you can increase its effectiveness and improve the overall fertility and health of your soil. 

Storage & Disposal

Avoid storing or disposing of anything that could contaminate food, water, or feed.  

STORAGE: Keep out of direct sunlight and keep cold. Broken container spills can be cleaned up by soaking them on clay or another appropriate absorbent material.

Note: KEEP AWAY FROM CHILDREN. 

Geolife Tabsil: Effervescent Silicon Tablets for Stronger, Healthier Crop Growth

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Tabsil: Effervescent Silicon Tablets for Stronger, Healthier Crop Growth
Tabsil: Effervescent Silicon Tablets for Stronger, Healthier Crop Growth

Are you having trouble strengthening your crops or facing problems with plant development?

Tabsil is the solution for you! Tabsil is an effervescent fizzy tablet loaded with ortho-silicic acid (OSA), which is needed for plant and their immune system development. As the fifth vital ingredient for the production of cell walls, Tabsil is necessary for strengthening crops. The tablet’s effervescing fizzy nature makes application easier, especially in fields with a high-water content. Because of this, Tabsil is a practical and efficient way to promote plant health and strong crop growth. 

Mode of Action:

The way silicon functions in Tabsil is amazing! It strengthens the plant’s defenses against diseases, pests, and other environmental stresses by producing a strong barrier of protective layer between the leaf and stem. This strengthens the cell walls of the plant, preventing it from folding and increases endurance to environmental challenges and physical harm. In addition to being an essential component, silicon controls the uptake and delivery of nutrients, keeps the water level in check, and promotes photosynthesis. Each of these activities helps the plant grow and become stronger overall. 

Benefits of Tabsil: 

  • Plant Defense System: Tabsil creates a strong physical barrier that supports plant health and successfully battles off pests and diseases. 
  • Stress Resistance: Improves a plant’s capacity to tolerate a range of stressful circumstances, promoting its ability to survive in harsh environmental circumstances. 
  • Promotes upright growth and lowers the chance of lodging by strengthening the structure of the plant. 
  • Regulation of Nutrient Uptake: Tabsil controls nutrient uptake to guarantee a steady and effective supply for the best possible nourishment for plants. 
  • Water management: Enhances the plant’s internal water balance, which helps with efficient water management.  
  • Application Simplified: Tabsil in tablet form offers farmers a handy and user-friendly solution by simplifying the application process.  
  • Plant productivity is directly impacted by photosynthetic efficiency, which increases growth and photosynthesis. 

Crops:

Suitable to all types of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and field crops. 

Dosage: 

  • Foliar: 1 gm per Ltrs. 
  • Drip/ Drench: 1 Kg per acre 
  • Paddy Field: 1 Kg per acre broadcasting in 1 acre of submerged paddy field. 

Application: 

Twice during the growing phase and flowering fruiting stages, separated by 15 days.

Compatibility: 

This product is suitable with all types of fertilizers and other agrochemicals.  

Direction for use: 

The rate of application will vary based on the severity of the shortfall, climate, soil type, and method used. To choose the treatments from this label that will work best for your particular set of conditions, speak with the Extension Specialists or your State Agricultural Experiment Station. Use caution when using this product on plants that are under moisture stress. 

Storage and Disposal:

Avoid storing or disposing of anything that could contaminate food, water, or feed. 

Keep out of direct sunlight and keep cold. It might be kept in an unheated space. Broken container spills can be cleaned up by soaking them on clay or another appropriate absorbent material.

Note: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

Geolife Vigore: Promote Plant Health, Faster Growth, and Disease Resistance

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Vigore: Promote Plant Health, Faster Growth, and Disease Resistance
Vigore: Promote Plant Health, Faster Growth, and Disease Resistance

Are you having problems with poor root development, insufficient nutrient absorption, too low immunity in plants ,or slow growth in your plants? 

Relax! Introducing Vigore. Vigore is a World’s best biostimulant that contains essential vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants. This scientifically derived mixture, which functions well during the entire plant growth cycle, contains Neurospora crassa extract. It is intended to promote faster root system development, increase nutrient absorption efficiency, boost enzymatic activity, and support higher growth of both roots and shoots.

Mode of action 

It’s amazing how it operates! Because of the special fungal strains from Neurospora crassa found in this extract, plants grow more quickly because their roots form faster, their ability to absorb nutrients is enhanced, and their enzymatic activity is increased. It not only speeds up the growth of shoots and roots—particularly the white ones but it also initiates fruit set and flowering. Higher yields and more successful reproduction are facilitated by this technique. In summary, it has many advantages, such as boosting your plants’ vitality and output. 

Benefits 

  • Boost Enzymatic Activity: Vigore increases plant enzyme activity, which helps make biochemical processes run more smoothly. 
  • Robust Root Development: It encourages strong and healthy root systems, which support the plant’s general stability and vitality. 
  • Holistic Growth: By enhancing nutrient absorption, enzyme activity, and general plant development, Vigore promotes complete development. 
  • Disease Resistance: By strengthening a plant’s resistance to illnesses, this growth enhancer promotes the health and longevity of the plant. 
  • Sustainable Agriculture: By lowering the need for chemical inputs, promoting environmental health, and encouraging long-term management of natural resources, Vigore supports sustainable agriculture practices. 

Applicable for all crops i.e. field crops, fruits, and vegetables. 

Dosage 

  • 1 gm / litre of water – Foliar Application & Drip Application ( or ) 
  • 250 gm/acre – Soil, Drip & Drench Application 

Application  

  • Foliar 
  • Drip-irrigation 
  • Soil application  
  • Drenching near the root zone. 

Compatibility 

It is compatible with most agricultural chemicals and fertilizers. 

Direction of use

Vigore application rates will vary depending on deficiency severity, climate, soil type, and mode of application. It is advised to speak with Extension Specialists or your State Agricultural Experiment Station for advice catered to your unique circumstances. They may offer guidance on the right dosages and application techniques for the best results in your farming situation.

Storage

In order to avoid contaminating food, water, or feed while it’s being stored or disposed of, keep the item out of direct sunlight and in a cool area.  

Cleaning Up Spills: To clean up and contain spills from broken containers, use clay or another suitable absorbent. This guarantees safe disposal and helps in the prevention of additional contamination.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. 

Geolife Vigore Raja: Enhance Soil Health, Crop Productivity and Plant Growth

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Are you having trouble with low crop productivity, poor soil aggregation, and plant growth?

Worry no more! Introducing Vigore Raja. A natural superior yield booster containing vital vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants along with Mycorrhiza and Neurospora crassa extract. It enhances soil aggregation, helps plants develop and establish themselves, increases water-holding capacity, and boosts productivity. 

Wondering about how Vigore Raja works?

This potent blend of mycorrhiza, antioxidants, vitamins, and Neurospora crassa extract strengthens roots, encourages plant growth, and enhances general plant health. Strong white roots are encouraged to grow, nutrient absorption is enhanced, and enzyme activity is raised by Vigore Raja. Better yields and higher-quality crops are produced as a result of increased plant vitality and productivity. Vigore Raja’s special qualities enable balanced enzymatic activity as well, resulting in a healthy and well-structured plant. 

Benefits 

  • Improved Nutrient Absorption: Vigore Raja helps plants better absorb nutrients, making sure they receive the vital components that are essential for growth.
  • Stress Tolerance: It makes plants immune to stress, enabling them to adapt more effectively to harsh environmental circumstances.
  • Root Formation: Vigore Raja strengthens the base of the plant for general health and vigor by encouraging strong root development.
  • Soil Structure: By enhancing the soil’s structure, the product helps to improve the conditions for plant growth and nutrient availability.
  • Output and Efficiency: When mycorrhiza and Neurospora crassa extract combine in a beneficial way, Vigore Raja boosts agricultural output, enhances water usage efficiency, and promotes a healthier soil ecology.

Vigore Raja is applicable for all crops i.e. field crops, fruits, and vegetables. 

Application Dosage 

  • Foliar Application: 1 gm /litre of water.  
  • Drip/ Drenching Application: 250 gm/acre. 
  • Application with Fertilizers or manures: 250gm/acre 

 Ingredients  – Enterprise Specification   

  • Total viable propagules/gram  – 10 spores per gram  
  • Infectivity potential – Inoculum Potential 1200 IP/g (determined by MPN methodwith 10 fold dilution)  

Compatibility 

Vigore Raja should not be used alongside chemical fungicides or bactericides. Soil application of fungicides should be avoided for minimum 7-8 days before or after application of Vigore Raja. 

Direction for use 

Consult the Extension Specialists or your state’s Agricultural Experiment Station for specific guidance. Select the therapies from this label that are most appropriate for your area. When plants are stressed by wetness, don’t apply. To apply, combine Herbal Triangle with dirt, stir it in, and apply it to the roots of trees, bushes, and plants. The application rates for Herbal Triangle will be determined by deficiency severity, climate, soil type, and application method.

Storage and disposal 

Avoid storing or disposing of anything that could contaminate food, water, or feed. 

STORAGE: Keep out of direct sunlight in a cool place. Broken container spills can be cleaned up by soaking them on clay or another appropriate absorbent material. 

Keep it away from children. 

Geolife No-Virus: Organic Viricide for Effective Crop Virus Protection and Health

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No-Virus: Organic Viricide for Effective Crop Virus Protection and Health
No-Virus: Organic Viricide for Effective Crop Virus Protection and Health

Do you ever find it difficult to keep your crops safe from viruses? Many farmers experience it. Your harvest drops as a result and you suffer significant financial loss. Numerous illnesses that could ruin your crops are constantly a threat to your fields. Additionally, some traditional approaches use toxic substances that might damage the ecosystem by remaining on your crops.  

But worry no more! Introducing No-Virus, an innovative organic viricide. It uses the strength of naturally occurring substances such as terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, and peptides, No-Virus offers a strong defence against a wide range of viruses that affect crops. 

How does it work?

No-Virus acts as a protective barrier for plants against dangerous viruses. It functions in 5 key ways: 

  • No-Virus prevents virus admission by erecting an obstacle that prevents the viruses from attaching. 
  • After the virus is stopped, No-Virus messes with the virus’s outer layer and the plant cell surface. It’s like disrupting the virus’s plans. 
  • No-Virus stops viruses from multiplying inside of cells, which is how viruses generally spread. No Virus obstructs the production of proteins in the cell, which is necessary for the virus to multiply. 
  • Antioxidants are incorporated by No-Virus to help plants in fighting off the danger. Similar to giving your crops an extra layer of security. 
  • No-Virus keeps viruses from adhering to cells, even at the earliest phases of an infection. It’s like containing the virus before it spreads and causes more issues. 

So how does it benefit you? 

Not only does it provide you an efficient management and prevention of viruses, it 

  • Increases a plant’s resistance to infection and its immunity. 
  • Is harmless to the environment and leaves no chemical residues in the soil or on crops. 
  • Is efficient against viruses that cause mottle, leaf curl, and mosaic. 

Dosage and Application

  • Use 3 ml of No-Virus per liter of water. It’s like providing the plants with an early defence against possible diseases. 
  • Use the same amount of No-Virus every fifteen days. Consider it as further strengthening the shield to ensure its continued strength. 
  • Apply this preventive measure three times minimum. 
  • In case your crop is already affected, Mix 3 to 5ml of No-Virus in 1 liter of water. 
  • Apply on the leaves along with an insecticide to control the bugs that spread the disease. 
  • Also, add nutrients to help the plant grow better. 

Second Application (4-5 Days Later)

Repeat the No-Virus application, but this time, use it with a bio stimulant like Vigore from Geolife. 

Repeat Applications

  • Keep applying No-Virus every 10-15 days along with insecticide or bio stimulant, based on the plant’s needs.  
  • No-Virus is compatible with all Agrochemicals.  

Direction for Use 

Use the product amount based on the severity of the problem, the condition of the soil, the climate, and the application method. Always consult with locals who are knowledgeable. Remember NOT to use the product on plants in dry conditions.

Storage Information and Caution

  • keep the product away from water, food, and animal feed. 
  • It should be kept cool and out of the sun. Store it somewhere dry and cool. 
  • To protect the environment if the container breaks, wipe up spills using clay or another appropriate absorbent. 
  • And most importantly, ensure that it is out of reach of children.  

Ginger: Planting & Package of Practices

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Ginger: Planting & Package of Practices
Ginger: Planting & Package of Practices

Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) one of the oldest known spices, is esteemed for its aroma and pungency. It originated in South – East Asia, but was under cultivation in India as well as in China from ancient times. Ginger is perhaps the most widely used spice both for flavoring and for medicinal purposes in the world. It is used in food preparations, confectionery, beverages, making ginger candy/ preserves. In medicine it is considered as a carminative and stimulant. Ginger oil is also used as a flavoring in pharmaceuticals and also in perfumery.

The complete ginger POP has been discussed in this article. It is the most important factor to follow the package of practices of ginger to grow a healthy ginger crop.

Ginger Crop at a Glance

  • Botanical Name: Zingiber officinalis
  • Popularly known as: Ginger (English), Adrak (Hindi), Shunti (Kannada)
  • Crop season: Rabi (March – April)
  • Crop type: spice crop
  • Production: 6-10 tons/acre
  • Varieties: Maran, Karakkal, Rio de Janeiro, Mahim are the high yielding varieties. Emad Chemed, China, Karuppamadi, Rio de Jeneiro are varieties containing high oleoresin.

Soil requirement 

The best soil for ginger cultivation is deep, well-drained, friable, loamy, and rich in humus. Alkaline soil is not good for the growth of crops. Ginger planting in the same field year after year is not recommended.

Before ginger planting, soil preparation of ginger crop starts during summer (March–April), and the land is ploughed twice (crosswise) at a depth of 15–22 cm. Later Norwegian harrows are used to crush exposed clods. To make the soil loose and friable, 3–4 crosswise harrowings are given. In order to stop soil erosion on sloping land, temporary ridges are opened. Before the final harrowing, 15 tons of FYM/ha are applied.

Climate requirement

The climate must be warm and humid for tropical crops. It grows well in regions with 125 to 250 cm of annual precipitation and at 1500 meters above sea level. In ginger cultivation, the rhizome development is best in a cool, dry climate. Plants that thrive in shade need plenty of moisture for good rhizome growth.

Land & Sowing Preparations for Ginger Crop

How to grow ginger crop

Ginger cultivation under rainfed land is split into raised beds that are 1 m wide, 3–6 m long, and 15 cm tall, with a 30 cm gap between each bed for a drainage channel. Beds develop along the contours of hill slopes. Ginger is cultivated in small pits that are spaced 25 cm away from one another and 15-20 cm apart within each row. During irrigation, ridges spaced 40–45 cm apart are opened. Planting is done at a distance of 22–30 cm in small trenches on ridges.

Propagation

Ginger is propagated by using setts, or parts of mother rhizomes. Select healthy ginger setts (ginger seeds) a weight of 20-25 g and 2.5- 5 cm length with two – three eye buds. Before ginger planting, selected sets are treated with Dithane M-45 at 3gm/lit of water for 30 min.

Seed Rate & Spacing

The recommended seed rate for ginger is 1500 kg/ha mother rhizomes. Choose healthy rhizomes free of pests and diseases including rhizome rot and leaf spots. Rhizomes that have sprouted are cut into pieces with two to three eye buds. Each sett should weigh 20–25 g and be 2.5 – 5 cm in length. Spacing for ginger planting is 40 x 20 cm in ridges and furrows.

Time of sowing 

When to grow ginger crop

Ginger planting can be started from the first week of May to the middle of June. The second fourth night of May is considered to be the ideal period for ginger planting. The recommended seed rate is 1500 kg/ha mother rhizomes.

Preparation of Seed Material

One and a half months before ginger planting, for a 1 ha area 1500 kg of pest and disease free rhizomes are chosen as a good ginger farm. Rhizomes were treated with 25% agallol and Monocrotophos for 30 minutes to suppress rhizome flies. Rhizomes are stored in trenches that are made under shade. Dry leaves or straw are used as a bottom lining for the trenches. Rhizomes spread on this dry terrain and are once more covered with straw or dried leaves. This increases the germination rate and reduces moisture loss. The weight of the rhizomes is lost by 30–35% during this time.

Method of Sowing

  1. For an irrigated crop, 75 cm distance is recommended in between the ridges and furrow and  30 x 30 cm spacing is maintained in raised beds techniques. 
  2. Broad ridge method : it is a new technique used for better yield. ridges are made in a dimension of  75 cm wide, 20–30 cm high, and 30 cm between two ridges.

Planting is carried out under “Wapsa” conditions after pre-sowing irrigation. Eye buds should be planted in a ginger farm with the tip facing upward. The rhizomes are inserted 5 cm deep.

Irrigation Schedule

Immediately after ginger planting a light irrigation, later a subsequent irrigation is given every 10 days. Total 16-18 irrigation is required in a crop duration. Crop requires a total 90-100 cm of water for a hector.

Usage of Manures & Fertilizers

Sl.. No. Time of application FYM N (Kg/ha) P2O5 (Kg.ha) K2O (Kg/ha)
1 Preparatory tillage 15
2 At planting 15 60 50 50
3 45 days after planting 50
4 120 days after planting 40
  Total 30 150 50 50

Inter Cultivation Practices

Weeding 

The plot is kept clean by hand weeding during the first 4 – 6 weeks. Depending upon the intensity of weeds, 3-4 weedings are given to have better yield. 

Mulching 

It is practiced in rain-fed ginger farms to prevent evaporation, weed growth and from heavy rains. It protects rhizomes from sun scorching and also maintains soil temperature

Shading 

On the outer edges of raised beds f or shade, seeds of cluster bean, pigeon pea, or castor are sown in irrigation channels.

Earthing up 

The soil around the plants is worked with the help of khurpi to break the fibrous roots and thereby supports new growth. The soil near the rhizomes becomes loose and friable and helps in proper development of rhizomes. At Least two earthing up is required for better growth and development of rhizomes. 

Plant protection

Diseases

Bacterial wilt: Ralstonia solanacearum

Symptoms

It is the most devastating disease, and symptoms usually appear between July and August. The damaged plant’s leaf margins turn brown and curl backward. The plants wilt and die as a whole. A foul odor comes from the rhizome and the base of the infected pseudostem. Milky exudates will seep out of the suspected pseudostem cut end when it is submerged in a glass of clean water. The typical sign is withering of young seedlings in the afternoon.

Management

The main source of disease is seed contamination. Buy only healthy rhizomes from disease-free ginger farms. Before ginger planting treat the seeds with 20g of streptomycin. Remove all affected clumps, then drench the soil with 0.2% copper oxychloride.

Dry rot: Fusarium and Pratylenchus complex

Symptoms

It is a complex disease caused by fungus and nematodes. Dry rot appears in fields in patches and spreads gradually, in contrast to rhizome rot. The affected plants appear yellowing of leaves and stunted. Initially older leaves wilt, followed by younger ones. When the rhizome is in an advanced stage, when cut open it  shows a brownish ring, which is restricted to the cortical region. In contrast to soft rot, the pseudostem of plants with dry rot does not come off easily. The damaged rhizomes are dry and withered.

Management

The nematode problem can be controlled by applying mustard oil cake to the soil at a rate of 40 kg/ha at the ginger farm in furrows. Before ginger planting, treat the rhizomes with hot water at 510 C for 10 min, which is followed by Bordeaux mixture at 1% to control the disease effectively.

Pests

Shoot borer: Conogethes punctiferalis 

Symptoms 

The larvae penetrate the  fragile pseudostem, then it reaches the center portion and feeds on the internal tissues, causing the shoots to turn yellow and dry. There may be an infestation from June through October.

Management

Spray nimbecidine at 2–5 ml/l or Beauveria bassiana at 2–5 ml/l. The shoot borer can be managed by spraying malathion (0.1%) at 21 days intervals during July to October. The spraying is to be initiated when the first symptom of pest attack is seen on the top most leaves on the pseudostem. An integrated strategy involving pruning and destroying freshly infested pseudostems during July- August (at fortnightly intervals) and spraying malathion (0.1%) during September-October (at monthly intervals) is also effective against the pest.

Shoot boring weevil: Prodioctes haematicus

The dead hearts are caused by the grubs’ bore into the pseudostem.

Management

Remove alternative hosts like cardamom and wild turmeric. Adult beetles that are gathered together can be collected and destroyed. Immediately after mother rhizome harvest, spraying nimbecidine at 2 to 5 ml/l or carbofuran 3G granules at 30 kg/ha is recommended.

White Grub or Khumlay : Holotrichia spp

It is a sporadic pest that can occasionally cause significant harm. The grub consumes newly developed rhizomes as well as the roots. Infestation levels are often higher in August and September.

Management

After emerging from their pupal stage, the adult beetles congregate on Ficus or other trees, where they can be collected and destroyed. For the suppression of the grubs, fine cow dung can be combined with the entomophagous fungus Metarrhizium anisophilae and then placed into the field. Prior to sowing, apply 40 kg/ha of neem cake to the soil in endemic areas.

Harvesting and Yield

Harvest ginger when the leaves turn yellow and wither. This is about 8-10 months after planting, depending on the variety used. Care should be practiced during harvesting to minimize injury that results in faster weight loss and susceptibility to decay. A properly managed crop gives an average yield of 20 t/ha.

Post Harvest

For dry ginger purpose, only the outer skin is to be peeled and then dried in the sun for a week. Yield of dry ginger is about 16-25% of green ginger.

Storage: Fresh, disease free rhizomes are selected then treated with solution of Carbendazim + Mancozeb @40 gm/10 ltr of water for 30 min. It will prevent rotting of rhizomes in storage. Then dry the rhizomes in shade. Store dried rhizome in a pit of convenient size, covered with plank having 2-3 holes for aeration. Before storing rhizomes in a pit, spread 1 inch thick sand layers.

Soybean: Planting & Package of Practices

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Soybean: Planting & Package of Practices
Soybean: Planting & Package of Practices

Soybean also known as Golden Bean or Miracle Crop due to their high protein and oil content. Soybean is a type of legume that originated in China. It was brought to India many years ago across the Himalayan Mountains. Soybean planting has been grown in a variety of agro climatic conditions and is mostly grown in Indian states such as Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. The complete  soybean POP has been discussed in this article.

It is the most important factor to follow the soybean package of practices to grow a healthy soybean crop. Soybean cultivation is done primarily for its seeds and is India’s second largest oil seed after groundnut. Soybean crops have a great nutritional value and contain 40% to 50% high quality protein and 20% to 22% oil. Soybeans also provide 5% of the essential amino acids, carbs, vitamins (thiamine and riboflavin), and minerals.

Soybean crop at a glance

  • Biological name: Glycin max
  • Popularly known as: Golden Beans or Miracle Crops
  • Crop season: Rabi and Kharif
  • Crop type: oilseed crop
  • Production (2021): 128.92 lakh tonnes
  • Estimated production: 129.95 lakh tonnes
  • Quantity exported in 2021:3.78 t

Varieties 

Commonly grown soybean varieties are VL Soya 21, Ahilya 2 (NRC 12), MACS 124, JS 75-46, Ahilya 1 (NRC 2), Ahilya 3 (NRC 7). Other Indian varieties include Ankur, Alankar, Gorav, T-49, and Punjab-1.

Soil requirement

For soybean planting, it requires well-drained, fertile loamy soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 are ideal for soybean cultivation. Soybean seed germination is inhibited by saline and sodic soils. Water logging harms crops, therefore effective soil drainage in soybean farms is essential throughout the rainy season.

Climatic Requirements

When to grow soybean crop

Soybean crops require temperatures ranging from 150– 320 C for germination, although 250-300 C is ideal for growth. The soybean cultivation requires 60-65 cm of annual rainfall. Drought during flowering or just before flowering leads to flower and pod drops, whereas showers during maturity reduce grain quality.

Land & Sowing Preparations for Soybean Seeds

Land Preparations

How to grow soybean crop

Cultivation of soybean crops starts with deep summer plough, followed by leveling of the field. Make ridges and furrows with proper spacing as mentioned above. Sow the seeds with seed-drill with proper spacing. Apply basal fertilizers and give a light irrigation.

Seed Rate & Spacing

The optimum seed rate of 55-65 kg/ha with a spacing of 30-45 cm, which can be reduced with the use of broad-bed-furrow/ridge-furrow.

Time of Sowing

Optimum time of sowing is from mid of June to the end of June subject to availability of soil moisture/rainfall.

Method of Sowing

Treat the seeds with Carbendezim or  Thiram @ 2g/kg of seed 24hrs before sowing to reduce the seed borne fungal infection. Line sowing by seed drill followed as it needs less seeds/ha, weeding and hoeing may be done conveniently. 

Irrigation Schedule

Irrigation is not required for Kharif crops. However, throughout the summer, the soybean planting has been done with guaranteed irrigation, it requires 5-6 irrigations. To save water, the soybean crop should be irrigated at the following critical growth stages for soybean planting are as follows.

  1. The germination stage
  2. The flowering pod initiation and bean filling stages are critical for yield.

Usage of Manures & Fertilizers for soybean cultivation

FYM: – 10-15t / ha,

N: -20-30 kg / ha,

P: -60-80 kg / ha

K:- 40-60 kg/ha.

Inter Cultivation Practice

Weeding

The crop should be kept weed free up to 60 days after sowing (DAS). One or two hoeing with two hand weeding (20DAS and 40DAS) are sufficient for higher yield. Among weed control, pre emergence application of pendimethalin @ 0.75a.i/ha and one hand weeding at 40 DAS registered higher seed yield 

Crop Protection

Pests

Bihar hairy caterpillar: Spilosoma obliqua

Symptoms

Young larvae feed voraciously on chlorophyll, primarily on the lower part of the soybean plants, causing the leaves to appear brownish-yellow in color. The larvae devour the leaves from the border in later stages. The soybean plant leaves resemblance to a net or web. Complete soybean farms appear sick.

Management 

  • Avoid soybean planting during pre-monsoon
  • Use the healthy seeds for soybean planting.
  • Gather and discard the infected plant parts, egg masses, and immature larvae.
  • Install one light trap per hectare to catch adults of nocturnal pests such hairy caterpillars.
  • Spray Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 1.5 lit/ha, triazophos 40 EC @ 0.8 lit/ha, or quinalphos 25 EC @ 1.5 lit/ha.

Gram pod borer: Helicoverpa armigera

Symptoms

The juvenile larvae feed on the green pigment chlorophyll and skeletonize young leaves. Initially, they feed voraciously on the foliage, which may defoliate the plant, and later on, they graze on flowers and pods.

Management

  • Avoid soybean planting during pre-monsoon
  • Install pheromone traps at a distance of 50 m at a rate of 5 traps/ha 
  • After 100 days of soybean planting, clip terminal shoots.
  • Setting up light traps (1 light trap per acre) to control the moth population.
  • Dust with chlorpyriphos 1.5% DP, fenvalerate 0.4%, or quinalphos 1.5% at the rate of 25 to 30 kg/ha.
  • Spray with 1.5% DP chlorpyriphos at 1200 ml/ha or Quinalphos 25 EC at 1.0 lit/ha.

Diseases of soybean

Anthracnose/pod blight: Colletotrichum truncatum

Symptoms

Infected seeds shrivel, can see growth of mold, later turn to brown. On cotyledons, symptoms manifest as dark brown with sunken cankers. Initially, irregular brown lesions form on the leaves, stems, and pods. In advanced stages, the afflicted tissues are covered in black fungus fruiting structures. Veinal necrosis, leaf rolling, cankers on petioles, and premature defoliation are indications of high humidity on leaves.

Management

  • Clean plough the field soon after the harvest to eliminate all plant residue.
  • Remove the diseased stubble from the previous year.
  • Seed treatment with Thiram, Captan, or Carbendazim at 3 g/kg, and spray with Mancozeb at 2.5 g/l or Carbendazim at 1 g/l.

Charcoal rot, ashy or stem blight or dry root rot: Macrophomina phaseolina

Symptoms

This disease occurs when plants become vulnerable to moisture stress, nematode infestation, soil compaction, or nutrient deficits. It is the most common basal stem and root disease of soybean. Lower leaves turn into chlorotic, and wilting and drying are evident. Grayish discoloration of infected  tissues, Because the sclerotia resemble a black powdery mass, the disease is known as charcoal rot. The most common sign is root blackening and cracking. In dry conditions, the fungus lives in soil and crop detritus. The disease thrives in dry conditions with inadequate moisture and nutrients and temperatures ranging from 25o C to 35o C.

Management

Collar rot / Sclerotial blight: Sclerotium rolfsii.

Symptoms

Usually, an infection starts at or just below the soil’s surface. The initial sign is sudden yellowing or withering of plants. Light brown lesions grow larger and quickly turn darker till they encircle the hypocotyl or stem. Brown and dried leaves frequently adhere to dead stems. On infected plant material, several round, tan to brown sclerotia are formed.   

Management

Frogeye leaf spot: Cercospora sojina

Symptoms

Frogeye leaf spot is caused by the fungus Cercospora sojina.  Frogeye leaf spot can cause significant yield loss when widespread within a field. Leaf lesions are small, irregular to circular in shape, and gray with reddish-brown borders. Most commonly occurring on the upper leaf surface, lesions start as dark, water-soaked spots that vary in size. As lesions age, the central area becomes gray to light brown with dark, red-brown margins. In severe cases, disease can cause premature leaf drop and will spread to stems and pods.

Management

  • Completely remove plant residue by cleanly ploughing the field soon after harvest.
  • Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (1:1) @ 2g/kg seed.
  • Spray Mancozeb @ 2g/L or Carbenzadium (500 mg/L). 

Harvesting & Threshing

Soybean will be harvested at the proper stage using the standard procedure as per Package of practices for Soybean. The beans contain 45-55% moisture when mature (filled) and start dropping their leaves. When the plants reach maturity, the leaves turn yellow and drop and soybean pods dry out quickly. There is a rapid loss of moisture from the seed. At harvest the moisture content of the seeds should be 15 per cent.  Harvesting can be done by hand, breaking the stalks on the ground level or with sickle. Threshing can be done either with the mechanical soybean thresher or some conventional methods used in other legumes. Threshing should be done carefully and any kind of severe beating or trampling may damage the seed coat and thus reduce the seed quality and viability. A moisture content of 13 to 14 percent is ideal for threshing with thresher

Yield

After following a proper package of practice of soybean we can get the yield upto  25-30 qt/ha under irrigation condition  and  15-20 qt/ha under rainfed condition.

Empowering Farmers, Ensuring Food Security: FCI’s Storage Triumph

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Empowering Farmers, Ensuring Food Security: FCI's Storage Triumph
Empowering Farmers, Ensuring Food Security: FCI's Storage Triumph

Ensuring food security for our nation is a top priority, and it all starts with proper storage of food grains. As of July 1, 2023, the Food Corporation of India (FCI) has taken substantial measures to enhance its storage capacity, with a network of 1,923 warehouses across the country. These warehouses, both owned and hired, boast an impressive capacity of 371.93 LMT for the storage of central pool food grains. We understand the significance of this information for farmers like you, and that’s why we bring you a comprehensive overview of the FCI’s storage capacity and how it impacts food procurement, buffer norms, and the Public Distribution System (PDS) operations for rice and wheat.

Overview

The Food Corporation of India’s storage capacity is a critical aspect of ensuring food security and smooth distribution of food grains across the nation. This capacity is assessed based on the level of procurement, buffer norms, and the requirements of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) and Other Welfare Schemes (OWS) in different states. To bridge any storage gaps, the FCI undertakes various schemes, including the Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee (PEG) Scheme, Central Sector Scheme (CSS), construction of SILOs under PPP mode, and hiring of godowns from different agencies. These efforts aim to create sufficient storage facilities and facilitate the efficient distribution of food grains.

Key Points

  1. Storage Gap Assessment: The requirement of storage capacity in FCI is closely linked to the level of food grain procurement, buffer norms, and PDS operations for rice and wheat. To determine storage gaps, FCI analyzes the highest stock levels in the past three years in procuring states and the four-month (six months for specific regions) requirements under NFSA and OWS in consuming states.
  2. Creating Storage Capacities: To address the storage gap, FCI implements several schemes, such as the Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee (PEG) Scheme, where investors are granted a one-year timeframe, starting from the issuance of the letter of memorandum (LoM), to complete the construction of the godown. Additionally, the Central Sector Scheme (CSS) aims to complete ongoing projects by March 2025.
  3. SILO Development: The FCI is actively involved in constructing SILOs under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mode. The development timeline for these SILOs includes 270 days for fulfilling condition precedents (CPs) and 18 months for construction.
  4. Hiring from Central and State Agencies: FCI also hires godowns from Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC), State Warehousing Corporation (SWCs), and other state agencies to augment storage capacity promptly.
  5. Private Warehousing Scheme (PWS): Under this scheme, FCI hires additional godowns from private warehousing service providers to efficiently manage the storage of foodgrains.

State-wise Storage Capacity

Let’s take a look at the state-wise covered storage capacity as of July 1, 2023:

  • East Zone: Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and Sikkim have a total storage capacity of 30.139 LMT, with Bihar leading the pack with 10.621 LMT.
  • North East Zone: This zone, comprising states like Assam, Tripura, and Manipur, has a storage capacity of 8.259 LMT, with Assam having 5.483 LMT.
  • North Zone: States like Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan account for a substantial storage capacity of 237.853 LMT out of the total 371.937 LMT.
  • South Zone: With a combined storage capacity of 50.333 LMT, states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana play a crucial role in ensuring food security.
  • West Zone: Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh contribute significantly to the overall storage capacity of 45.352 LMT.

Conclusion

The Food Corporation of India’s extensive efforts to expand its storage capacity through various schemes and partnerships are instrumental in safeguarding our nation’s food security. With 1,923 warehouses boasting a total capacity of 371.93 LMT, the FCI is better equipped to manage food grain storage and distribution efficiently. As farmers, your collaboration in this endeavor is crucial, and together, we can ensure a resilient and well-fed nation. Let’s continue working towards a brighter and more secure future for all.

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