Tomato powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that affects tomato plants, especially in greenhouses and high tunnels. It reduces the photosynthetic activity and yield of the plants and that causes 10 to 90 percent yield losses in tomatoes. The disease is caused by different species of fungi, such as Oidium neolycopersicum, Leveillula taurica, and Erysiphe orontii. The disease was first reported in France in the 1840s, and later spread to other regions of the world. 

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Powdery mildew
• Scientific Name: Leveillula taurica / Oidiopsis neolycopersici 
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungal disease
• Mode of Spread: Spores are easily dislodged from the infected leaves and carried long distances by wind and air currents
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaf

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease/pest development

1. Temperature: Optimum temperature between the 60 to 80 °C range.
2. Relative Humidity: optimum RH for disease development is above 90% 

Most Affected States in India

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and West Bengal

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Leaves of infected tomato plants show irregular, bright yellow blotches. Abundant white sporulation is seen on the upper surface of leaf and chlorotic spots on the corresponding lower surface. 
2. Severe Symptoms: Severe disease leads  leaves to die, resulting in sunburn damage on fruit, reduced soluble solids, and weakened plants. Premature defoliation of leaves and complete death of plants at severe stage.

Biological Control Measures for Powdery mildew  in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

Product Details

1. Zymo Biologique: This product is available in powder form and contains organominerals, macronutrients, and stabilizers. Zymo Biologique is a broad spectrum organic mineral fungal control agent and improves soil fertility. Bio-organic extracts and natural minerals used in the formulation help to control plant fungus.
2. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
3. Xymo BLT100: This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight, Late blight and Septoria leaf spot diseases of tomato.
4. Merlyn Nutrix: This is a micronutrient. It Aids overall plant growth and development. And is available in liquid form.  Product has rich Mg ions to form chlorophyll, which is responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis. Merlyn Nutrix enhances plant growth and metabolism. Merlyn Nutrix is applied against powdery mildew which improves the overall physiological response of the plant system  and reduces disease development. 

For more details on the product, please visit page: :‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Septoria leaf spot disease, also called Septoria blight, occurs throughout the world wherever tomatoes are grown. This disease can be quite damaging and crop losses of up to 100% have been reported in heavily defoliated crop fields. In favorable climatic conditions Septoria infects various non cultivated and  cultivated crops but with the unfavorable condition it remains in plant debris or body of secondary host round the season.

• Type of Infestation: DiseaseCommon
• Name:  Septoria leaf spot
• Scientific Name: Septoria lycopersici 
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungal disease
• Mode of Spread: Spores are spread to healthy plants  by windblown ,water, splashing rain, irrigation systems.
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaf, stem and fruit 

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease/pest development

1. Temperature: Pycnidiospores germinated at a temperature range of 5° to 27.5°C and 20° to 22.5°C was optimum.
2. Relative Humidity: Infection can occur when the relative humidity has been at 100%

Most Affected States in India

Maharastra, Kerala , Karnataka.

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Small, round to irregular spots with gray center and dark margin on leaves stem and flowers. 
2. Severe Symptoms: As the spots coalesce, leaves are blighted, resulting in complete defoliation. Defoliation usually starts on the oldest leaves first and  quickly spread  plant toward the new growth.

Biological Control Measures for Septoria leaf spot in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

(Note : If disease incidence  is more take 2-3 curative spray at 5 – 7  days interval)

Product Details

1. Xymo BLT100 : This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight, Late blight and Septoria leaf spot diseases of tomato. Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Max Spread is sprayed as a preventive measure against Early & Late blight and Septoria Leaf spot of tomato. With these two biopesticides Zymo Bioguard is sprayed as a curative spray for the same diseases. 
2. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
3. Zymo Bioguard WLT6040: The product is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers. Zymo Biogourd WLT6040 alone is recommended for Fusarium wilt disease of tomato before incidence of disease as a preventive measure. Increases Soil Microbial Activity, proliferates good soil aerobic microbes in root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens finally induces SAR. Recommended dose is 2g/lit Zymo Biologique + Xymo BLT100 +  Zymo Max Spread sprayed as a curative measure against septoria leaf spot and powdery mildew immediately after the disease incidence. If the disease is severe, take another spray after a 5-7 days interval. 

For more details on the product, please visit page: ‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Tomato late blight is a devastating disease of tomato and potato plants, caused by Phytophthora infestans. It can cause severe crop losses and was responsible for the Irish potato famine in the mid-1800s. The disease was first described in 1845 from potatoes and in 1847 from tomatoes in France It was later confirmed to be caused by the same organism, P.infestans, by de Bary in 1863. The disease spread to the U.S. in the 1840s, possibly through infected tomatoes imported from Mexico New and more aggressive strains of the pathogen emerged in the 1990s, posing a greater threat to tomato production worldwide.

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Late Blight
• Scientific Name: Phytophthora infestans  
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungal disease
• Mode of Spread:  Late blight is spread from infected transplants, Spores (through air/water)
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaf, stem and fruit 
• Most Affected States in India: Karnataka, West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh ( Severity in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh).

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease/pest development:

1. Temperature: sporulation is optimal at 12–18 °C 
2. Relative Humidity: Highest sporulation is noticed at 85 – 90 % of relative humidity

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Leaves are irregularly shaped, water-soaked lesions, often with a lighter halo or ring around them . Lesions expand rapidly and the entire leaf becomes necrotic. 
2. Severe Symptoms: Lesions become enlarged and leaves turn brown, shrivel and die. Late blight fungus can also attack tomato fruit in all the stages of development. Due to severe infection, disintegration of fruits leads to rotting of tissues.

Biological Control Measures for Late blight in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

Product Details

• Xymo BLT100 : This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight and Late blight diseases of tomato.
• Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
• Zymo Bioguard WLT6040: The product is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers. It increases Soil Microbial Activity, proliferates good soil aerobic microbes in the root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens and finally induces SAR.

For more details on the product, please visit page: ‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Fungal leaf blight called early blight often infects tomato plants. This disease can reduce the annual income from tomato crops by up to 79% in some cases. Early blight also attacks other plants in the tomato family, such as potatoes. It thrives in humid, warm, and dense tomato gardens. It quickly spreads and affects the most vulnerable plants first.

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Early Blight
• Scientific Name: Alternaria solani 
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungal disease
• Mode of Spreading: soil and decomposing plant debris. The spores spread primarily by wind and splashing water.  
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves and fruit
• Most Affected States in India:  South indian states ( Severity in Telangana state)

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease/pest development

1. Temperature: Sporulation is optimal at 15–28 °C 
2. Relative Humidity: Highest sporulation is noticed at 85 – 90 % of relative humidity.

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Leaf spots show first on the lowest, oldest leaves and advance toward the top. Affected plant leaves develop circular to angular dark brown lesions 0.12 to 0.16 inch (3–4 mm) in diameter. Concentric rings often form in lesions.
2. Severe Symptoms: Severely infected leaves turn yellow and drop. Infected tubers show a brown, corky dry rot symptoms. Affected fruit show cracks and sunken spots near the stem are visible.

Biological Control Measures for Early blight in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

Product Details

• Xymo BLT100 : This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight and Late blight.
• Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
• Zymo Bioguard WLT6040: The product is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers. It increases Soil Microbial Activity, proliferates good soil aerobic microbes in the root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens and finally induces SAR.  

For more details on the product, please visit page: ‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Bacterial speck is a common tomato disease that occurs worldwide wherever tomatoes are cultivated.  The disease can gradually reduce yield when it severely affects leaves of plants early in the growing season.  The disease has a greater impact on crop quality (and marketability for commercial tomato growers) when symptoms occur on tomato fruit. The main economic effect of  disease is the reduction in fruit weight and quality of fruit. Bacterial spots on fruits have been reported to account for up to 52% loss of fruit weight while yield losses due to bacterial speck varied from 75% in plants infected at an early stage of growth to 5% in plants infected later in the season.

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Bacterial speck
• Scientific Name: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
• Category of Plant Disease: Bacteria
• Mode of Spread: seedborne 
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves and fruit

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease development

• Temperature: Bacteria can grow at 18°C to 24°C
• Relative Humidity: Highest sporulation is noticed at 80-85% of relative humidity.

Most Affected States in India

Maharashtra and Karnataka

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Leaf shows symptoms of small black spots (approximately ⅛ to ¼ inch in diameter) that often are more prominent on the undersides of leaves.  Later spots became a yellow halo that may develop around the edge of the leaf.  Spots on the fruit surface are very small (almost pinpoint-like) and do not penetrate very deeply inside into the fruit tissue. 
2. Severe Symptoms: The spots can be raised, flat or sunken, and range in color from brown to black.  The spots often have darker green halos appear on unripe, green fruits, while on ripe fruits the spots can have subtle, yellow halos.

Biological Control Measures for Bacterial speck in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

Product Details

1. Xymo BLT100 : This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight, Late blight and Septoria leaf spot diseases of tomato. Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Max Spread is sprayed as a preventive measure against Early & Late blight and Septoria Leaf spot of tomato. With these two biopesticides Zymo Bioguard is sprayed as a curative spray for the same diseases. 
2. Zymo Thymox :It is a concentrated broad spectrum organic fungi & bacteria controlling agent. Product contains a selective combination of Botanical extracts concentrate, Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients.
3. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.

 For more details on the product, please visit page: ‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’