If your tomato plants are yellow and wilt on one side of the plant or one side of a leaf, they may have Fusarium wilt. This disease is caused by a soil-borne fungus called Fusarium oxysporum sp. lycopersici, which infects only tomatoes. It is a serious disease which causes 80% yield loss under favorable conditions. The fungus is widespread in India, especially in warmer areas, and can survive for a long time in any region. The disease is more likely to occur in soils with high nitrogen and low potassium levels, as well as in sandy soils.

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Fusarium wilt
• Scientific Name: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lycopersici
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungi
• Mode of Spread: Soil borne
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves and stem

Environmental factors favorable for disease development:

1. Temperature: Fungi can grow at 15-30°C whereas it starts sporulation causing infection at 20-25°C.
2. Relative Humidity: Highest sporulation is noticed at 90-95% of relative humidity.

Most affected states in India:

Rajasthan, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh

Symptoms:

1. Initial Symptoms: when fungi enter through the root, it starts blocking and browning of vascular bundles and hampers the movement of water and nutrients to the sink. So we can see yellowing and withering of leaves
2. Severe Symptoms: as disease progresses, leaves start dropping before maturity. Drying and partial or complete death of plants. 

Biological control measures for wilt in tomato:

Prophylactic

Curative

Product details:

• Zymo Bioguard WLT6040: The product is highly effective against wilt disease and is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers. It increases Soil Microbial Activity, proliferates good soil aerobic microbes in the root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens finally induces SAR.. Once the disease incidence occurs, immediate spray of Zymo Bioguard WLT6040 can manage the disease spread.

• Xymo BLT100: This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is also recommended for Early blight, Late blight and Septoria leaf spot diseases of tomato. This is recommended for all crops.

• Zymo Biologique: This is available in powder form and it contains Organominerals, Macronutrients, Stabilizer. Bio Organic Extracts and Natural Minerals used in combinations helps in controlling Plant Fungus and Improve Immunity of the Plant to fight against Wilt disease as well as act as plant food nutrients with zero plant residue. Zymo Biologique is a broad spectrum organic mineral fungi controlling agent and it can increase the fertility of the soil

For more details, please visit page: Click here

Aphid is a pest that affects over 400 kinds of plants worldwide and has a significant economic damage to tomato crops. This aphid damages plants directly by feeding on their phloem, sucking sap from leaves and hampering photosynthesis or indirectly by transmitting more than 100 different plant viruses. As a result, it’s important to control them to prevent damage to your tomato crop. 

• Type of Infestation: Pest
• Common Name:  Aphids
• Scientific Name: Myzus persicae
• Infesting Stage of Pest: Nymph and Adults
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves and Stems

Environmental factors favorable for pest infestation:

1. Temperature: Peak population is observed during November and December where the temperature is 12-25°C.
2. Relative Humidity: Favorable relative humidity for successful establishment of a plant is 60-70%.

Most affected states in India:

Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Symptoms:

1. Initial Symptoms: Both nymphs and adults suck sap from the young leaves. Due to this you can see curling of leaves. Insects are found at the lower surface of leaves. 
2. Severe Symptoms: At severe stages we can observe stunting of plants. Insects release a sticky fluid known as “honeydew” which draws ants is evident for the aphid infection and that encourages the formation of sooty mold.

Biological control measures for thrips in tomato:

Prophylactic

Curative

Product details:

1. Xymo Ultra Spectrum: This is available in liquid formation, which is a combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. It mainly targets the larval stage of insects. Paralyze the nervous system of insects and hampers movement/flying and feeding. Plant Extracts in Xymo Ultra Spectrum provides various Alkaloids which increases plants SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance) and Highly effective on all types of worms such as borers, Cotton Bollworm, Caterpillar, Army worms, Leaf Miners, and sucking pests and other similar Insects
2. Xymo Bugtrol: This is available in liquid formation. Product is a unique combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. This bio pesticide is recommended for all crops and mainly targets beetles and sucking insects. Major benefits of Xymo Bugtrol is, alkaloids present in it increase plant SAR. Xymo Bugtrol not only manages the pest but is also effective against tomato diseases also, namely TOSPOvirus by controlling trips population.
3. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution. Spreaders help the insecticide to spread more evenly and adhere better to surfaces, which can improve coverage and efficacy.

 For more details, please visit page: ‘Pests Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Banana is a major fruit crop that is grown for commercial purposes in many countries around the world. It is a staple food and a dessert in some parts of the world. It is also a key source of foreign income for many African countries that export it. However, most of the commercial varieties of banana are very susceptible to various fatal diseases. These diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses that limit the quality and yield of the crop. Moreover, the pathogens quickly become resistant to new pesticides, making the disease control more challenging. Therefore, organic inputs are a better alternative to deal with this problem.

List of Diseases

1. Sigatoka Leaf Spot
2. Fusarium wilt
3. Bacterial wilt
4. Bunchy top virus

1. Sigatoka Leaf Spot

Scientific name: Mycospharellamusicola

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Leaves

Symptoms of Sigatoka Leaf Spot

• The elliptical spots on the leaves exhibit a yellow halo around a light gray center.
• The spots frequently coalesce to produce large, uneven patches of dried tissue.
• The disease is characterized by rapid drying and defoliation of the leaves.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

2. Fusarium Wilt

Scientific name: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Leaves

Symptoms of Fusarium Wilt

• In the majority of cultivars, Wilting and a pale yellow discolouration on the lower leaves along the margins, which are initial visual symptoms of the disease. Eventually, the margins of the leaves turn a yellow color and start drying.
• Splitting of the pseudostem base is a typical sign of the disease.
• When the cross-section is taken, we can observe concentric discoloration near the center of the rhizome.
• When the plant is cut longitudinally, continuous lines of discoloration show where the symptoms are as they advance toward the pseudo-stem.
• The fungus that causes the disease is borne in the soil and enters the roots through the fine laterals.
• Farm equipment, vehicles, irrigation water, and infected rhizomes or suckers are easy ways for the disease to spread.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

3. Bacterial wilt

Scientific name: Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Leaves

Symptoms of Bacterial wilt

• The leaves turn yellow and grow upward. The leaves hang around when the petiole breaks down.
• Discoloration in the vascular region that ranges from pale yellow to dark brown when it is cut open.
• The corm’s center is discolored.
• Bacterial ooze appears when the pseudostem is cut transversely; fruits with internal rot and dark brown discolouration.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

4. Bunchy Top of Banana

Scientific name: Banana bunchy top virus

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Leaves

Symptoms of Bunchy Top of Banana

• Initially, the veins in the lowest part of the leaf midrib and the leaf stem start to show dark green and light green patches.
• The disease is named after the way they look to be “bunched” at the top of the plant.
• It is spread by infected suckers and banana aphids; severely affected banana plants typically do not fruit, but if they do, the banana fingers are likely to be twisted and deformed.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

Products

Biopesticides are a more eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, as they have much lower human health hazards when used properly. However, to better understand the potential negative impacts of biopesticides on other organisms and the ecosystem, more evidence is needed from registering the methods. Here are the best organic inputs from UAL.

1. Xymo BLT 100
2. Xymo Bioguard WLT6040
3. Xymo Ultra spectrum
4. Xymo Biologique
5. Zymo Thymox
6. Zymo Max Spread

1. Xymo BLT100: This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers.

• This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for banana sigatoka and Fusarium wilt diseases .
• Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Max Spread are sprayed as a preventive measure against Banana Sigatoka disease. Based on the disease incidence spaying is repeated 1-2 times at an interval of 3-5 weeks.

2. Zymo Biogourd WLT6040: The product is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers.

• Increases soil aerobic microbes in root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens finally induces SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance).
• Zymo Biogourd WLT6040 is recommended for Fusarium wilt at the rate of 2g/lit before incidence of disease, take 1-2 spray at an interval of 3-5 weeks.
• Take two sprays of Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Biogourd WLT 6040 + Xymo Max Spread as a curative spray for Sigatoka disease. Based on the severity spray 3-4 times at an interval of 5-7 days.

3. Xymo Ultra Spectrum: This is available in liquid formation, which is a combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients.

• Plant extracts present in it increase plant SAR. This bio pesticide is recommended for all crops against many pests.
• It mainly targets the larval stage of insects. Paralyze the nervous system of insects and hampers movement/flying and feeding.
• Xymo Bioguard WLT6040 + Xymo Ultra Spectrum + Zymo Max Spread has to spray as a curative control measure for the management of Aphid with this can manage bunchy top disease, take 3-4 spray at an interval of 5-7 days when the infestation is severe.

4 . Zymo Biologique: This is available in powder form and it contains Organominerals, Macronutrients, Stabilizer.

• Zymo Biologique is a broad spectrum organic mineral fungi controlling agent and it can increase the fertility of the soil.
• Bio organic extracts and natural minerals used in combinations helps in controlling plant fungus and improve immunity of the plant to fight against Sigatoka leaf spot and Fusarium wilt disease of Banana
• Zymo Biologique + Xymo Max Spread sprayed as a preventive measure, as needed you can take 1-2 spray at  3-5 weeks, whereas Zymo Biologique + Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Max Spread is applied as a curative measure.  When disease is severe take another 2-3 spray at a 5-7 days interval.

5. Zymo Thymox :It is a concentrated broad spectrum organic fungi & bacteria controlling agent.

• Product contains a selective combination of Botanical extracts concentrate, Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients.
• Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Thymox are sprayed against Fusarium wilt disease as curative, These are recommended immediately after the disease incidence, if the disease is in a severe stage take Second spray at an interval of 5-7 days @ 1 to 2 ml/lit.

6. Zymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed area and is a Non-ionic organ-silicone or excipient.

• This can also be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
• Xymo Max Spread can be used against all diseases of Banana at the rate of 0.10 ml/lit.

For BANANA PLANTATION PROGRAMs

Stage 1: 3 – 4 kg/acre ZYMO BIOGROW, 1.5 – 2.0 kg / Acre XYMO BIOFERT & 0.5 – 1.0 kg of XYMO BIOTONIQ AG (Powder) mixed with 200 kg to 400 kg FYM, first application just after sapling transplantation i.e after 15 days – Side dressing.

Stage 2:  3RD/4TH month application – Side dressing: 2.0 – 2.5 kg / Acre of ZYMO BIOGROW, 1.0 – 1.5 kg / Acre of ZYMO GROWELL, 1.5 – 2.0 kg / Acre of XYMO BIOFERT & 0.5 – 1.0 kg XYMO BIOTONIQ AG (Powder) mixed with 200 kg to 400 kg FYM.

Certification: UAL’s products have the approval of OMRI, and ECO-CERT, two of the world’s most respected and trusted certification bodies. UAL produces and sells organic bio-solutions under the brand names ZYMO® and XYMO® series. UAL has two production units in India, which have ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, ISO 45001:2018, and HACCP certifications. ISO 14001:2015 is the global standard for environmental management systems, which ensures that UAL reduces its environmental footprint and enhances its environmental performance.

Tomato production is seriously threatened by the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), which is spread by whiteflies around the world. In Karnataka it is first time reported at Kolar district, where population has increased 1000 fold that directly causes endemic leaf curl viral disease. There is a direct correlation between the rise in Bemisia tabaci populations and the virus’s distribution in the field. Plants that are infected show severe symptoms, are less vigorous, and yield fruits that have a lower market value. In impacted fields, losses in yield of up to 100% are common.

• Type of Infestation: Pest
• Common Name: Whiteflies
• Scientific Name: Bemisia tabaci
• Infesting Stage of Pest: Nymph  
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves

Environmental factors favorable for pest development:

1. Temperature: Pest population starts raise at 10-150°C but more congenial for infection is 20-25°C
2. Relative Humidity: Favorable relative humidity for successful establishment on plant is 75-80%

Most affected states in India:

Punjab, Gujarat and Rajasthan

Symptoms:

1. Initial Symptoms: Nymphs suck sap from the leaves. The affected leaves turn to yellow and we can observe chlorotic spots on it.
2. Severe Symptoms:  Due to feeding on sap the leaves start curling downward and dries. Bemisia tabaci is a vector for tomato leaf curl disease.

Biological control measures for Whiteflies in Tomato:

Prophylactic

Curative

Product details :

1. Xymo Ultra Spectrum  : This is available in liquid formation, which is a combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. Highly effective on sucking pests. Plant Extracts in Xymo Ultra Spectrum provides various Alkaloids which increases plants SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance) and Highly effective on all types of worms such as Cotton Bollworm, Caterpillar, Army worms, Leaf Miners, and other similar Insects. It mainly targets the larval stage of insects by paralyzing the nervous system of insects; it hampers movement, flying and feeding of insects.
2. Xymo Bugtrol: This is available in liquid formation. Product is a unique combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. Major benefits of Xymo Bugtrol is, alkaloids present in it increase plant SAR. This bio pesticide is recommended for all crops and mainly targets beetles and sucking insects. This is mainly recommended for sucking pests. Along with Xymo Bugtrol below mention spreader increases the efficiency of this biopesticide.
3. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution. With this it increases the spreading area and efficiency of biopesticide.

 For more details, please visit page: ‘Pests Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Tomato fruit borer, also known as Helicoverpa armigera, is a major pest problem of tomato cultivation in India and other parts of the world. It originated from Africa and spread to other continents through trade and migration. It is a polyphagous insect that can feed on over 360 plant species, including many crops of economic importance. The larval stage of this pest causes direct damage to tomato plants by boring circular holes on the fruits and eating the internal content. This makes the fruits unmarketable and reduces the yield and quality of the crop.

• Type of Infestation: Pest
• Common Name: Fruit Borer
• Scientific Name: Helicoverpa armigera
• Infesting Stage of Pest: Larvae
• Most Affected Plant Part: Fruits, buds and shoots

Environmental factors favourable for pest infestation:

1. Temperature: Fruit bore incidence will start at 10-200°C of temperature. It reaches maximum ETL at 20-30°C.
2. Relative Humidity: 45-60 % of relative humidity is favorable for pest incidence.

Most affected states in India:

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.

Symptoms:

1. Initial Symptoms: Young larvae feed on tender leaves voraciously which leads to defoliation, later they starve to fruits.
2. Severe Symptoms: Circular holes are made by mature larvae. Matured larvae feed on fruits, by keeping head inside and remaining body outside. We can observe entries whole on fruits and larval fecal matter. They even feed on buds and shoots.

Biological control measures for fruit borer in tomato:

Prophylactic

Curative

Product details :

1. Xymo Ultra Spectrum  : This is available in liquid formation, which is a combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. It mainly targets the larval stage of insects. Paralyze the nervous system of insects and hampers movement/flying and feeding. Plant Extracts in Xymo Ultra Spectrum provides various Alkaloids which increases plants SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance) and Highly effective on all types of worms such as borers, Cotton Bollworm, Caterpillar, Army worms, Leaf Miners, and other similar Insects
2. Xymo Bugtrol: This is available in liquid formation. Product is a unique combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. This bio pesticide is recommended for all crops and mainly targets beetles and sucking insects. Major benefits of Xymo Bugtrol is, alkaloids present in it increase plant SAR .
3. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution. Spreaders help the insecticide to spread more evenly and adhere better to surfaces, which can improve coverage and efficacy.

For more details, please visit page: ‘Pests Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Bananas are an essential food source for many countries and the most cultivated soft fruit in warm regions of the world. However, banana plants face various insect threats that reduce their productivity. Farmers use insecticides to control these pests, but this can harm people and the environment and make the pests more resistant. The best way to deal with banana pests is to use natural enemies instead of chemicals.

List of Pest

1. Rhizome weevil
2. Pseudostem Weevil
3. Banana aphid

1. Rhizome weevil

Scientific name: Cosmopolites sordidus

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Fruit

Symptoms of Rhizome weevil

• Dark-colored tunnels present in the rhizomes; these tunnels are caused by grubs that pierce the rhizome and kill the plant.
• Withering of outer leaves and death of unopened stem

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

2. Pseudostem Weevil

Scientific name: Odoiporus longicollis

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Fruit

Symptoms of Pseudostem Weevil

• Grub bores into tunnels created by pseudostems.
• Tunneled portion decomposes and pseudostem wilts; cutting holes on the outside; initial symptoms are, plant sap exudation and blackened mass emerging from the bore hole.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

3. Banana aphid

Scientific name: Pentalonia nigronervosa f. Typical

Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves

Symptoms of Banana aphid

• Affected plants do not form bunches.
• Rosette-like appearance at top of the plant; Stunted growth and wavy, upward-curling of leaf margins.
• Serve as the bunchy top disease vector.
• Insects are found on leaf axils and pseudostem.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

Products

One way to reduce the environmental and health risks of chemical pesticides is to use biopesticides, which are derived from natural sources. However, biopesticides may also have some unintended consequences for other living beings and the ecological balance. Therefore, more data is required from the registration processes of biopesticides to evaluate their safety and efficacy. UAL provides some of the best organic inputs for biopesticide production.

1. Xymo Ultra Spectrum
2. Xymo Bugtrol
3. Zymo Thymox
4. Zymo Max Spread

1. Xymo Ultra Spectrum: This is available in liquid formation, which is a combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. 

• Plant extracts present in it increase plant SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance). This bio pesticide is recommended for all crops against worms. 
• It mainly targets the larval stage of insects. Paralyze the nervous system of insects and hampers movement/flying and feeding. 
• Xymo Ultra Spectrum + Zymo Max Spread spray and sucker treatment with Zymo Thymox can control the Rhizome weevil and Pseudostem weevil as a curative spray. If the pest population is more then take 2-3 spray at 3-5 days interval.

2. Xymo Bugtrol: This is available in liquid formation. Product is a unique combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. 

• Major benefits of Xymo Bugtrol is that it is very effective on all types of insects and it works as a broad-spectrum pesticide.  
• This bio pesticide is recommended for all crops and mainly  targets beetles and sucking insects.
• Pseudostem injection with Xymo Bugtrol + Xymo Ultra Spectrum + Zymo Max Spread are against Rhizome weevil, Pseudostem weevil and Aphids, if the pest populations are more then take 2-3 spray at an interval of 5-7 days.
• Mode of Action is Paralyse the nervous system and hampers movement/flying and feeding. 

3. Zymo Thymox :It is a concentrated broad spectrum organic fungi & bacteria controlling agent.

• Product contains a selective combination of Botanical extracts concentrate, Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients.
• Zymo Thymox drench soil against Rhizome weevil as preventive measure and after the incidence drench the soil with Zymo Thymox, if pest is not managed the drench another 2-3 times at 5-7 days interval. 
• These are recommended immediately after the pest incidence, if the incidence is in a severe stage take another spray at an interval of 5-7 days with  1 to 2 ml/lit of water, The suckers should be dipped in the solution for 15 minutes before planting.

4. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.

• Xymo Max Spread can also be used in combination with other products from UAL, it is a super spreader used in agriculture to increase the efficiency of all spray solutions and for soil applications. 
• It is non-ionic in nature and organic. It is an Indian NPOP approved input and therefore can be used in organic agriculture too.
• The dosage of Xymo Max Spread depends on the mode of application. For tank mix solution, it is recommended to use 0.10 ml / L of water (i.e. 10 ml / 100 L). For drip irrigation, it is suggested to use 25 ml / 200 L of water / acre.

For BANANA PLANTATION PROGRAMs

Stage 1: 3 – 4 kg/acre ZYMO BIOGROW, 1.5 – 2.0 kg / Acre XYMO BIOFERT & 0.5 – 1.0 kg of XYMO BIOTONIQ AG (Powder) mixed with 200 kg to 400 kg FYM, first application just after sapling transplantation i.e after 15 days – Side dressing. 

Stage 2: 3RD/4TH month application – Side dressing: 2.0 – 2.5 kg / Acre of ZYMO BIOGROW, 1.0 – 1.5 kg / Acre of ZYMO GROWELL, 1.5 – 2.0 kg / Acre of XYMO BIOFERT & 0.5 – 1.0 kg XYMO BIOTONIQ AG (Powder) mixed with 200 kg to 400 kg FYM.

Certificate: UAL manufactures and markets organic bio-solutions under the brand names ZYMO® and XYMO® series, which are certified by various international and national standards for organic agriculture, such as OMRI, ECOCERT, EU, JAS, NOP, and NPOP. These certifications ensure that UAL products are safe, natural, and eco-friendly, and meet the stringent requirements of organic farming.