Septoria leaf spot disease, also called Septoria blight, occurs throughout the world wherever tomatoes are grown. This disease can be quite damaging and crop losses of up to 100% have been reported in heavily defoliated crop fields. In favorable climatic conditions Septoria infects various non cultivated and  cultivated crops but with the unfavorable condition it remains in plant debris or body of secondary host round the season.

• Type of Infestation: DiseaseCommon
• Name:  Septoria leaf spot
• Scientific Name: Septoria lycopersici 
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungal disease
• Mode of Spread: Spores are spread to healthy plants  by windblown ,water, splashing rain, irrigation systems.
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaf, stem and fruit 

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease/pest development

1. Temperature: Pycnidiospores germinated at a temperature range of 5° to 27.5°C and 20° to 22.5°C was optimum.
2. Relative Humidity: Infection can occur when the relative humidity has been at 100%

Most Affected States in India

Maharastra, Kerala , Karnataka.

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Small, round to irregular spots with gray center and dark margin on leaves stem and flowers. 
2. Severe Symptoms: As the spots coalesce, leaves are blighted, resulting in complete defoliation. Defoliation usually starts on the oldest leaves first and  quickly spread  plant toward the new growth.

Biological Control Measures for Septoria leaf spot in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

(Note : If disease incidence  is more take 2-3 curative spray at 5 – 7  days interval)

Product Details

1. Xymo BLT100 : This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight, Late blight and Septoria leaf spot diseases of tomato. Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Max Spread is sprayed as a preventive measure against Early & Late blight and Septoria Leaf spot of tomato. With these two biopesticides Zymo Bioguard is sprayed as a curative spray for the same diseases. 
2. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
3. Zymo Bioguard WLT6040: The product is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers. Zymo Biogourd WLT6040 alone is recommended for Fusarium wilt disease of tomato before incidence of disease as a preventive measure. Increases Soil Microbial Activity, proliferates good soil aerobic microbes in root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens finally induces SAR. Recommended dose is 2g/lit Zymo Biologique + Xymo BLT100 +  Zymo Max Spread sprayed as a curative measure against septoria leaf spot and powdery mildew immediately after the disease incidence. If the disease is severe, take another spray after a 5-7 days interval. 

For more details on the product, please visit page: ‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Tomato late blight is a devastating disease of tomato and potato plants, caused by Phytophthora infestans. It can cause severe crop losses and was responsible for the Irish potato famine in the mid-1800s. The disease was first described in 1845 from potatoes and in 1847 from tomatoes in France It was later confirmed to be caused by the same organism, P.infestans, by de Bary in 1863. The disease spread to the U.S. in the 1840s, possibly through infected tomatoes imported from Mexico New and more aggressive strains of the pathogen emerged in the 1990s, posing a greater threat to tomato production worldwide.

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Late Blight
• Scientific Name: Phytophthora infestans  
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungal disease
• Mode of Spread:  Late blight is spread from infected transplants, Spores (through air/water)
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaf, stem and fruit 
• Most Affected States in India: Karnataka, West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh ( Severity in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh).

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease/pest development:

1. Temperature: sporulation is optimal at 12–18 °C 
2. Relative Humidity: Highest sporulation is noticed at 85 – 90 % of relative humidity

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Leaves are irregularly shaped, water-soaked lesions, often with a lighter halo or ring around them . Lesions expand rapidly and the entire leaf becomes necrotic. 
2. Severe Symptoms: Lesions become enlarged and leaves turn brown, shrivel and die. Late blight fungus can also attack tomato fruit in all the stages of development. Due to severe infection, disintegration of fruits leads to rotting of tissues.

Biological Control Measures for Late blight in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

Product Details

• Xymo BLT100 : This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight and Late blight diseases of tomato.
• Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
• Zymo Bioguard WLT6040: The product is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers. It increases Soil Microbial Activity, proliferates good soil aerobic microbes in the root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens and finally induces SAR.

For more details on the product, please visit page: ‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Fungal leaf blight called early blight often infects tomato plants. This disease can reduce the annual income from tomato crops by up to 79% in some cases. Early blight also attacks other plants in the tomato family, such as potatoes. It thrives in humid, warm, and dense tomato gardens. It quickly spreads and affects the most vulnerable plants first.

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Early Blight
• Scientific Name: Alternaria solani 
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungal disease
• Mode of Spreading: soil and decomposing plant debris. The spores spread primarily by wind and splashing water.  
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves and fruit
• Most Affected States in India:  South indian states ( Severity in Telangana state)

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease/pest development

1. Temperature: Sporulation is optimal at 15–28 °C 
2. Relative Humidity: Highest sporulation is noticed at 85 – 90 % of relative humidity.

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Leaf spots show first on the lowest, oldest leaves and advance toward the top. Affected plant leaves develop circular to angular dark brown lesions 0.12 to 0.16 inch (3–4 mm) in diameter. Concentric rings often form in lesions.
2. Severe Symptoms: Severely infected leaves turn yellow and drop. Infected tubers show a brown, corky dry rot symptoms. Affected fruit show cracks and sunken spots near the stem are visible.

Biological Control Measures for Early blight in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

Product Details

• Xymo BLT100 : This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight and Late blight.
• Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
• Zymo Bioguard WLT6040: The product is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers. It increases Soil Microbial Activity, proliferates good soil aerobic microbes in the root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens and finally induces SAR.  

For more details on the product, please visit page: ‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Bacterial speck is a common tomato disease that occurs worldwide wherever tomatoes are cultivated.  The disease can gradually reduce yield when it severely affects leaves of plants early in the growing season.  The disease has a greater impact on crop quality (and marketability for commercial tomato growers) when symptoms occur on tomato fruit. The main economic effect of  disease is the reduction in fruit weight and quality of fruit. Bacterial spots on fruits have been reported to account for up to 52% loss of fruit weight while yield losses due to bacterial speck varied from 75% in plants infected at an early stage of growth to 5% in plants infected later in the season.

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Bacterial speck
• Scientific Name: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
• Category of Plant Disease: Bacteria
• Mode of Spread: seedborne 
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves and fruit

Environmental Factors Favorable for disease development

• Temperature: Bacteria can grow at 18°C to 24°C
• Relative Humidity: Highest sporulation is noticed at 80-85% of relative humidity.

Most Affected States in India

Maharashtra and Karnataka

Symptoms

1. Initial Symptoms: Leaf shows symptoms of small black spots (approximately ⅛ to ¼ inch in diameter) that often are more prominent on the undersides of leaves.  Later spots became a yellow halo that may develop around the edge of the leaf.  Spots on the fruit surface are very small (almost pinpoint-like) and do not penetrate very deeply inside into the fruit tissue. 
2. Severe Symptoms: The spots can be raised, flat or sunken, and range in color from brown to black.  The spots often have darker green halos appear on unripe, green fruits, while on ripe fruits the spots can have subtle, yellow halos.

Biological Control Measures for Bacterial speck in Tomato

Prophylactic

Curative

Product Details

1. Xymo BLT100 : This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for Early blight, Late blight and Septoria leaf spot diseases of tomato. Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Max Spread is sprayed as a preventive measure against Early & Late blight and Septoria Leaf spot of tomato. With these two biopesticides Zymo Bioguard is sprayed as a curative spray for the same diseases. 
2. Zymo Thymox :It is a concentrated broad spectrum organic fungi & bacteria controlling agent. Product contains a selective combination of Botanical extracts concentrate, Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients.
3. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.

 For more details on the product, please visit page: ‘Diseases Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

If your tomato plants are yellow and wilt on one side of the plant or one side of a leaf, they may have Fusarium wilt. This disease is caused by a soil-borne fungus called Fusarium oxysporum sp. lycopersici, which infects only tomatoes. It is a serious disease which causes 80% yield loss under favorable conditions. The fungus is widespread in India, especially in warmer areas, and can survive for a long time in any region. The disease is more likely to occur in soils with high nitrogen and low potassium levels, as well as in sandy soils.

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name:  Fusarium wilt
• Scientific Name: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lycopersici
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungi
• Mode of Spread: Soil borne
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves and stem

Environmental factors favorable for disease development:

1. Temperature: Fungi can grow at 15-30°C whereas it starts sporulation causing infection at 20-25°C.
2. Relative Humidity: Highest sporulation is noticed at 90-95% of relative humidity.

Most affected states in India:

Rajasthan, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh

Symptoms:

1. Initial Symptoms: when fungi enter through the root, it starts blocking and browning of vascular bundles and hampers the movement of water and nutrients to the sink. So we can see yellowing and withering of leaves
2. Severe Symptoms: as disease progresses, leaves start dropping before maturity. Drying and partial or complete death of plants. 

Biological control measures for wilt in tomato:

Prophylactic

Curative

Product details:

• Zymo Bioguard WLT6040: The product is highly effective against wilt disease and is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers. It increases Soil Microbial Activity, proliferates good soil aerobic microbes in the root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens finally induces SAR.. Once the disease incidence occurs, immediate spray of Zymo Bioguard WLT6040 can manage the disease spread.

• Xymo BLT100: This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers. This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is also recommended for Early blight, Late blight and Septoria leaf spot diseases of tomato. This is recommended for all crops.

• Zymo Biologique: This is available in powder form and it contains Organominerals, Macronutrients, Stabilizer. Bio Organic Extracts and Natural Minerals used in combinations helps in controlling Plant Fungus and Improve Immunity of the Plant to fight against Wilt disease as well as act as plant food nutrients with zero plant residue. Zymo Biologique is a broad spectrum organic mineral fungi controlling agent and it can increase the fertility of the soil

For more details, please visit page: Click here

Aphid is a pest that affects over 400 kinds of plants worldwide and has a significant economic damage to tomato crops. This aphid damages plants directly by feeding on their phloem, sucking sap from leaves and hampering photosynthesis or indirectly by transmitting more than 100 different plant viruses. As a result, it’s important to control them to prevent damage to your tomato crop. 

• Type of Infestation: Pest
• Common Name:  Aphids
• Scientific Name: Myzus persicae
• Infesting Stage of Pest: Nymph and Adults
• Most Affected Plant Part: Leaves and Stems

Environmental factors favorable for pest infestation:

1. Temperature: Peak population is observed during November and December where the temperature is 12-25°C.
2. Relative Humidity: Favorable relative humidity for successful establishment of a plant is 60-70%.

Most affected states in India:

Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Symptoms:

1. Initial Symptoms: Both nymphs and adults suck sap from the young leaves. Due to this you can see curling of leaves. Insects are found at the lower surface of leaves. 
2. Severe Symptoms: At severe stages we can observe stunting of plants. Insects release a sticky fluid known as “honeydew” which draws ants is evident for the aphid infection and that encourages the formation of sooty mold.

Biological control measures for thrips in tomato:

Prophylactic

Curative

Product details:

1. Xymo Ultra Spectrum: This is available in liquid formation, which is a combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. It mainly targets the larval stage of insects. Paralyze the nervous system of insects and hampers movement/flying and feeding. Plant Extracts in Xymo Ultra Spectrum provides various Alkaloids which increases plants SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance) and Highly effective on all types of worms such as borers, Cotton Bollworm, Caterpillar, Army worms, Leaf Miners, and sucking pests and other similar Insects
2. Xymo Bugtrol: This is available in liquid formation. Product is a unique combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients. This bio pesticide is recommended for all crops and mainly targets beetles and sucking insects. Major benefits of Xymo Bugtrol is, alkaloids present in it increase plant SAR. Xymo Bugtrol not only manages the pest but is also effective against tomato diseases also, namely TOSPOvirus by controlling trips population.
3. Xymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed areas. This can be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution. Spreaders help the insecticide to spread more evenly and adhere better to surfaces, which can improve coverage and efficacy.

 For more details, please visit page: ‘Pests Management in Tomato Crop using UAL Organic Based Products’

Banana is a major fruit crop that is grown for commercial purposes in many countries around the world. It is a staple food and a dessert in some parts of the world. It is also a key source of foreign income for many African countries that export it. However, most of the commercial varieties of banana are very susceptible to various fatal diseases. These diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses that limit the quality and yield of the crop. Moreover, the pathogens quickly become resistant to new pesticides, making the disease control more challenging. Therefore, organic inputs are a better alternative to deal with this problem.

List of Diseases

1. Sigatoka Leaf Spot
2. Fusarium wilt
3. Bacterial wilt
4. Bunchy top virus

1. Sigatoka Leaf Spot

Scientific name: Mycospharellamusicola

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Leaves

Symptoms of Sigatoka Leaf Spot

• The elliptical spots on the leaves exhibit a yellow halo around a light gray center.
• The spots frequently coalesce to produce large, uneven patches of dried tissue.
• The disease is characterized by rapid drying and defoliation of the leaves.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

2. Fusarium Wilt

Scientific name: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Leaves

Symptoms of Fusarium Wilt

• In the majority of cultivars, Wilting and a pale yellow discolouration on the lower leaves along the margins, which are initial visual symptoms of the disease. Eventually, the margins of the leaves turn a yellow color and start drying.
• Splitting of the pseudostem base is a typical sign of the disease.
• When the cross-section is taken, we can observe concentric discoloration near the center of the rhizome.
• When the plant is cut longitudinally, continuous lines of discoloration show where the symptoms are as they advance toward the pseudo-stem.
• The fungus that causes the disease is borne in the soil and enters the roots through the fine laterals.
• Farm equipment, vehicles, irrigation water, and infected rhizomes or suckers are easy ways for the disease to spread.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

3. Bacterial wilt

Scientific name: Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Leaves

Symptoms of Bacterial wilt

• The leaves turn yellow and grow upward. The leaves hang around when the petiole breaks down.
• Discoloration in the vascular region that ranges from pale yellow to dark brown when it is cut open.
• The corm’s center is discolored.
• Bacterial ooze appears when the pseudostem is cut transversely; fruits with internal rot and dark brown discolouration.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

4. Bunchy Top of Banana

Scientific name: Banana bunchy top virus

Most Affected Plant Part: Stem and Leaves

Symptoms of Bunchy Top of Banana

• Initially, the veins in the lowest part of the leaf midrib and the leaf stem start to show dark green and light green patches.
• The disease is named after the way they look to be “bunched” at the top of the plant.
• It is spread by infected suckers and banana aphids; severely affected banana plants typically do not fruit, but if they do, the banana fingers are likely to be twisted and deformed.

Control Measures (Biological)

Prophylactic

Curative

Products

Biopesticides are a more eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, as they have much lower human health hazards when used properly. However, to better understand the potential negative impacts of biopesticides on other organisms and the ecosystem, more evidence is needed from registering the methods. Here are the best organic inputs from UAL.

1. Xymo BLT 100
2. Xymo Bioguard WLT6040
3. Xymo Ultra spectrum
4. Xymo Biologique
5. Zymo Thymox
6. Zymo Max Spread

1. Xymo BLT100: This is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO biologicals, lysing biocatalysts, stabilizers and bioenhancers.

• This is a broad spectrum bio-agents, which is recommended for banana sigatoka and Fusarium wilt diseases .
• Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Max Spread are sprayed as a preventive measure against Banana Sigatoka disease. Based on the disease incidence spaying is repeated 1-2 times at an interval of 3-5 weeks.

2. Zymo Biogourd WLT6040: The product is available in powder form and it contains NON-GMO Biologicals, Proteolytic Biocatalysts, Stabilizers, Bioenhancers.

• Increases soil aerobic microbes in root zone with adequate nutrients & denies food for anaerobic pathogens finally induces SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance).
• Zymo Biogourd WLT6040 is recommended for Fusarium wilt at the rate of 2g/lit before incidence of disease, take 1-2 spray at an interval of 3-5 weeks.
• Take two sprays of Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Biogourd WLT 6040 + Xymo Max Spread as a curative spray for Sigatoka disease. Based on the severity spray 3-4 times at an interval of 5-7 days.

3. Xymo Ultra Spectrum: This is available in liquid formation, which is a combination of Botanical extracts / Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients.

• Plant extracts present in it increase plant SAR. This bio pesticide is recommended for all crops against many pests.
• It mainly targets the larval stage of insects. Paralyze the nervous system of insects and hampers movement/flying and feeding.
• Xymo Bioguard WLT6040 + Xymo Ultra Spectrum + Zymo Max Spread has to spray as a curative control measure for the management of Aphid with this can manage bunchy top disease, take 3-4 spray at an interval of 5-7 days when the infestation is severe.

4 . Zymo Biologique: This is available in powder form and it contains Organominerals, Macronutrients, Stabilizer.

• Zymo Biologique is a broad spectrum organic mineral fungi controlling agent and it can increase the fertility of the soil.
• Bio organic extracts and natural minerals used in combinations helps in controlling plant fungus and improve immunity of the plant to fight against Sigatoka leaf spot and Fusarium wilt disease of Banana
• Zymo Biologique + Xymo Max Spread sprayed as a preventive measure, as needed you can take 1-2 spray at  3-5 weeks, whereas Zymo Biologique + Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Max Spread is applied as a curative measure.  When disease is severe take another 2-3 spray at a 5-7 days interval.

5. Zymo Thymox :It is a concentrated broad spectrum organic fungi & bacteria controlling agent.

• Product contains a selective combination of Botanical extracts concentrate, Plant oils, Stabilizers & Excipients.
• Xymo BLT 100 + Zymo Thymox are sprayed against Fusarium wilt disease as curative, These are recommended immediately after the disease incidence, if the disease is in a severe stage take Second spray at an interval of 5-7 days @ 1 to 2 ml/lit.

6. Zymo Max Spread: This is available in liquid form, which is helpful for uniform spreading of biopesticide on sprayed area and is a Non-ionic organ-silicone or excipient.

• This can also be used for all crops. It breaks down the surface tension of water and increases the wetting and spreading of a spray solution.
• Xymo Max Spread can be used against all diseases of Banana at the rate of 0.10 ml/lit.

For BANANA PLANTATION PROGRAMs

Stage 1: 3 – 4 kg/acre ZYMO BIOGROW, 1.5 – 2.0 kg / Acre XYMO BIOFERT & 0.5 – 1.0 kg of XYMO BIOTONIQ AG (Powder) mixed with 200 kg to 400 kg FYM, first application just after sapling transplantation i.e after 15 days – Side dressing.

Stage 2:  3RD/4TH month application – Side dressing: 2.0 – 2.5 kg / Acre of ZYMO BIOGROW, 1.0 – 1.5 kg / Acre of ZYMO GROWELL, 1.5 – 2.0 kg / Acre of XYMO BIOFERT & 0.5 – 1.0 kg XYMO BIOTONIQ AG (Powder) mixed with 200 kg to 400 kg FYM.

Certification: UAL’s products have the approval of OMRI, and ECO-CERT, two of the world’s most respected and trusted certification bodies. UAL produces and sells organic bio-solutions under the brand names ZYMO® and XYMO® series. UAL has two production units in India, which have ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, ISO 45001:2018, and HACCP certifications. ISO 14001:2015 is the global standard for environmental management systems, which ensures that UAL reduces its environmental footprint and enhances its environmental performance.