A central sector scheme called Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM KISAN) was introduced by the Indian government in 2019. It aims to provide income support to small and marginal farmers and their families. The scheme was launched with the objective of providing financial assistance to 14.5 crore beneficiaries on the basis of the Agriculture Census 2015-16. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer’s Welfare.
Scheme Overview
The scheme was first implemented in Telangana as the Rythu Bandhu scheme, and later, it was announced as a nationwide project during the 2019 Interim Union Budget of India. On February 24, 2019, Prime Minister Narendra Modi introduced the PM-KISAN scheme in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. Under this scheme, all small and marginal farmers would receive income support which will be paid to them in three installments of Rs. 6,000 each directly into their bank accounts. The scheme is a central sector scheme with 100% funding from the Indian Government.
The scheme is applicable to all farmer families in the country irrespective of the size of their landholdings, including both urban and rural agriculture cultivating lands only. The definition of family for the scheme is husband, wife, and minor children owning cultivable land as per land records of the concerned State/UT. Institutional landholders, present or retired employees of state/central government/PSUs, income tax payees, farmer families holding constitutional posts, professionals like doctors, engineers, and lawyers, and retired pensioners with a monthly pension of over Rs 10,000 are excluded from the scheme.
Scheme Name: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM KISAN)
Scheme Modified: Effective from 2018
Scheme Fund Allocated: Rs. 75,000 crores annually
Type of Government Scheme: Central Sector Scheme
Sponsored / Sector Scheme: All farmer families in the country irrespective of the size of their landholdings (both urban and rural- agriculture cultivating lands only)
The key features of the PM-KISAN scheme are as follows:
Assistance: Rs. 6,000 per year to all eligible farmers and their families in three equal installments of Rs. 2,000 each every four months
Eligibility: All farmer families in the country (both urban and rural) that own cultivable land as per land records of the concerned State/UT, except for those who are institutional landholders, income taxpayers, retired pensioners with a monthly pension of over Rs. 10000/-, farmer families holding constitutional posts and professionals like doctors, engineers and lawyers.
Identification of beneficiaries: Responsibility rests with State/UT Governments.
Exclusion: Tenant farmers, micro land holdings that are not cultivable and agricultural land being used for non-agricultural purposes are excluded from the scheme.
Benefits
The main benefit of the PM-KISAN scheme is to provide income support to small and marginal farmers.
This financial assistance will help farmers meet their farm-related expenses and improve their livelihood.
This scheme will also help in reducing the gap between rural and urban incomes, thus promoting balanced regional growth.
The scheme will provide a direct benefit transfer to farmers, eliminating middlemen and corruption in the process.
Drawback of the Scheme
A certain segment of farmers, like taxpayers, retired pensioners with more than Rs. 10,000/- pension, doctors etc. are eligible for this scheme.
How to Apply?
To register for the PM-KISAN scheme, follow these steps:
Look for the “Farmers Corner” tab on the top right corner of the homepage and click on it.
Click on “New Farmer Registration” from the options provided.
Fill in your Aadhaar number, full name and the image text in the necessary fields.
Click on the “Click to Continue” button.
Provide your bank account details and the relevant landholding documents in the required fields.
Finally, click on the “Submit” button to complete the registration process.
Documents Required
The following documents are required to apply for the PM-KISAN scheme:
Aadhaar Card
Bank account details (account number, branch code and IFSC code)
Landholding documents (as per land records of the concerned State/UT)
Mobile number (optional but recommended)
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM KISAN) scheme is a much-needed initiative by the Indian government to support the country’s small and marginal farmers. The scheme’s objective to provide income support through direct transfer to their bank accounts has already benefited a considerable number of beneficiaries. However, the exclusion categories in the scheme must be revisited to ensure that all eligible farmers receive the benefits. If implemented effectively and monitored closely, the PM KISAN scheme has the potential to transform the lives of farmers and bring about a positive change in the agriculture sector of India.
Reforms-based And Results linked, Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme
The Reforms-based and Results linked, Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme was launched in the year 2021 by the Ministry of Power, with the aim of improving the quality, reliability and affordability of power supply to consumers in India. The scheme focuses on reducing the AT&C (Aggregate Technical and Commercial) losses to pan-India levels of 12-15% and the ACS-ARR (Average Cost of Supply-Average Revenue Realized) gap to zero by 2024-25.
Overview
The scheme aims to develop institutional capabilities for modern DISCOMS, improve the quality, reliability and affordability of power supply to consumers and reduce the AT&C losses and the ACS-ARR gap. The scheme has two parts: Metering & Distribution Infrastructure Works, Training & Capacity Building and other Enabling & Supporting Activities. The financial outlay for the scheme is Rs 3,03,758 crore, with an estimated Gross Budgetary Support from the Central Government of Rs. 97,631 crore. The scheme is available till the year 2025-26 and is open to both Central and State Governments. The release of funds under the scheme has been linked to results and reforms and pre-qualifying criteria need to be mandatorily met by the DISCOMS before they can be evaluated for the release of funds under the scheme.
Scheme Name : Reforms-based and Results linked, Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme
Scheme Modified: Launched in 2021
Scheme Fund Allocated: Rs 3,03,758 crore with an estimated Gross Budgetary Support from the Central Government of Rs. 97,631 crore
Type of Government Scheme: Central Government of India
The objective of the scheme is to reduce the AT&C (Aggregate Technical and Commercial) losses to pan-India levels of 12-15% and the ACS-ARR (Average Cost of Supply-Average Revenue Realized) gap to zero by 2024-25. The assistance will be based on meeting pre-qualifying criteria and achievement benchmarks of basic minimum. It aims to develop institutional capabilities for modern DISCOMS and improve the quality, reliability and affordability of power supply to consumers.
The scheme has two parts, Metering & Distribution Infrastructure Works and Training & Capacity Building and other Enabling & Supporting Activities. The scheme covers approximately 25 crore consumers with prepaid smart metering. The key features of the scheme are that it is available until 2025-26 and leverage of artificial intelligence to analyze data generated through information technology, operational technology devices, including system meters and prepaid smart meters. Existing power sector reform schemes will be merged into the umbrella program, and the release of funds has been linked to results and reforms.
Latest news about the scheme
The Indian government has decided to privatize power departments and utilities in Union Territories under the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan to reform the power sector. Privatization will bring in private capital, new technologies, innovations, and competition to improve operational and financial efficiencies, leading to better services for consumers. The revamped Distribution Sector Scheme is linked to results and focuses on improving operational and financial efficiencies, leading to a decline in AT&C losses and ACS-ARR Gap, indicating a positive impact on the sector.
Benefits
There are the benefits of the Reforms-based and Results linked, Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme:
Improved operational and financial efficiencies of power utilities.
Reduction in Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses.
Reduction in the gap between Average Cost of Supply (ACS) and Average Revenue Realized (ARR) for distribution companies.
Better financial management for power utilities.
Sustainability of the power sector.
More accurate subsidies for distribution companies.
Better quality of electricity supply.
Increased competition in the power sector.
Implementation of new technologies and innovations.
Increased efficiency in power generation and distribution.
Better services for consumers.
Increased accountability for power utilities.
Drawback
The scheme covers agricultural connections only through Feeder Meters. Therefore, if a farmer does not have access to Feeder Meters, the scheme may not be useful for them.
How to Apply?
Here are the steps to apply for the Reforms-based and Results linked, Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme:
Step 1: Visit the official website of the Ministry of Power, Government of India.
Step 2: Look for the “Schemes” section on the website and click on the “Distribution Sector Scheme” link.
Step 3: Read the guidelines and eligibility criteria carefully.
Step 4: Download the application form and fill in the required details.
Step 5: Attach the necessary documents, including proof of identity, proof of address and proof of ownership of the power utility.
Step 6: Submit the completed application form along with the supporting documents to the designated address mentioned in the guidelines.
Step 7: Wait for the authorities to process the application.
Step 8: Once your application is approved, you will receive a notification from the authorities.
Step 9: Follow the instructions given in the notification to avail the benefits of the scheme.
It is important to note that the application process and eligibility criteria may vary depending on the state or union territory in which the power utility is located. Therefore, it is advisable to check the guidelines and eligibility criteria specific to your state or union territory before applying for the scheme.
Documents Required
The following is a list of documents required for the application of this scheme:
Audited financial statements of the power utility for the last three years
A detailed project report (DPR) for the proposed reforms and measures to be implemented under the scheme
A plan for reduction of Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses
A plan for reducing the gap between Average Cost of Supply (ACS) and Average Revenue Realized (ARR)
Details of existing power purchase agreements (PPAs) and proposed PPAs
A plan for improving customer services and grievance redressal mechanisms
A plan for the adoption of new technologies and innovations to improve efficiency
Details of the existing transmission and distribution infrastructure and proposed infrastructure improvements
A plan for metering and billing improvements
Details of any ongoing legal disputes or regulatory proceedings involving the power utility.
Conclusion
The Reforms-based and Results linked, Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme aims to reduce AT&C losses to pan-India levels and the ACS-ARR gap to zero by 2024-25. It covers approximately 25 crore consumers with prepaid smart metering, aims to improve the quality, reliability and affordability of power supply to consumers and prioritizes the urban areas, UTS, AMRUT cities and High Loss areas. The scheme aims to enhance the operational efficiencies and financial sustainability of all DISCOMS (excluding private sectors)/ Power Departments by providing conditional financial assistance to DISCOMs.
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) was launched on 18th February 2016 with the objective to support sustainable production in the agriculture sector. The scheme aims to provide compensation to farmers suffering crop damage or loss arising out of unforeseen events, stabilize farmer’s income, encourage them to adopt innovative and modern agricultural practices, ensure the flow of credit to the agriculture sector, and protect farmers from production risks.
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana provides financial support to farmers in case of damage to their crops due to natural calamities, pests and diseases. The scheme covers all food crops, oilseeds and annual commercial or horticultural crops. The following are the features of the scheme:
The scheme is voluntary for non-loanee farmers, and it is compulsory for all farmers availing of Seasonal Agricultural Operations (SAO) loans from financial institutions.
The scheme provides comprehensive risk insurance for standing crops from sowing to harvesting, including drought, dry spells, flood, inundation, pests and diseases, landslides, natural fire, lightning, storm, hailstorm, cyclone, typhoons, tempests, hurricanes, tornados.
The scheme provides coverage for prevented sowing, localized calamities, and post-harvest losses. It protects farmers from financial losses when they cannot plant their crops due to uncontrollable factors. Prevented sowing coverage is available if purchased before the planting deadline established by the insurer. If the prevented sowing conditions are covered, the farmer will be reimbursed for the costs of preparing the land and purchasing inputs. However, the farmer will not receive compensation for the expected yield or revenue that would have been generated from the crop since it was not planted.
The scheme also includes special efforts to ensure the maximum coverage of SC/ST/women farmers under the scheme.
The following table provides a brief summary of the scheme’s features:
Features
Details
Coverage of Farmers
All farmers including sharecroppers and tenant farmers
Compulsory Component
SAO loanee farmers for the notified crops are covered
Losses arising from war and nuclear risks are excluded
Benefits of the scheme
The scheme aims to support sustainable production in the agriculture sector by providing compensation to farmers suffering crop loss or damage caused by unforeseen events.
The scheme stabilizes the income of farmers to ensure their continuance in farming.
The scheme encourages farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural practices.
The scheme ensures the credit flow to the agriculture sector, attributing to food security, diversification of crop and enhancing the growth and competitiveness of the agriculture sector.
Drawback
The scheme has faced criticism for not being useful to all farmers, especially those who belong to certain segments. The non-loanee farmers are eligible to get the coverage, but they are required to submit necessary documentary evidence of land records prevailing in the state (Records of Right (RoR), Land Possession Certificate (LPC), etc.) and applicable contract/agreement details (in case of sharecroppers/tenant farmers). It may not be possible for some farmers to fulfill these requirements.
How to Apply?
Here are the step-by-step instructions for the application process for PMFBY:
Step 1: Visit the official website of the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare at http://agricoop.gov.in/
Step 2: Look for the “Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana” tab on the homepage and click on it.
Step 3: Read the information provided on the page carefully to understand the scheme’s benefits, coverage, and eligibility criteria.
Step 4: Click on the “Apply Online” link on the page to proceed with the application process.
Step 5: Fill out the application form with all the necessary details, such as your name, contact details, bank account information, and crop details.
Step 6: Upload the required documents, such as land records and applicable contract/agreement details.
Step 7: Review all the information provided and ensure that it is correct before submitting the application.
Step 8: After submitting the application, you will receive a confirmation message or email.
Step 9: Track the application status using the application reference number provided to you.
Step 10: Once the application is approved, you will receive an insurance policy document.
Note: Non-loanee farmers are not mandated to apply for the scheme, and it is voluntary. However, farmers who avail of Seasonal Agricultural Operations (SAO) loans from financial institutions are obligated to participate in the scheme. Additionally, the scheme is committed to ensuring maximum coverage of SC/ST/women farmers
Documents Required
Here is a list of documents required for Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY):
Necessary documentary evidence of land records prevailing in the State (Records of Right (RoR), Land Possession Certificate (LPC), etc.)
Applicable contract/agreement details (in case of sharecroppers/tenant farmers)
Loan documents provided by the financial institution (for farmers who avail of Seasonal Agricultural Operations (SAO) loans)
Identity proof (Aadhaar card, Voter ID, etc.)
Bank account details (for direct benefit transfer)
Duly filled application form
Premium payment receipt (if applicable)
Any other document(s) required by the insurance company or the State Government
Farmers who avail of Seasonal Agricultural Operations (SAO) loans from financial institutions are obligated to participate in the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). To apply for the scheme, these farmers are required to submit the necessary documentary evidence of land records prevailing in the State (Records of Right (RoR), Land Possession Certificate (LPC), etc.), applicable contract/agreement details (in case of sharecroppers/tenant farmers), loan documents provided by the financial institution, and any other documents required by the insurance company or the State Government. Farmers need to check with their financial institutions for any additional documents that may be required.
Conclusion
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is an excellent scheme that aims to insure the uncertainty in the agriculture sector by providing compensation to farmers suffering crop loss/damage arising out of unforeseen events. The scheme also encourages farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural practices and ensures the flow of credit to the agriculture sector. However, the scheme has some drawbacks and special efforts must be made to ensure maximum coverage of farmers under the scheme.
Krishi Udan Scheme is a central government scheme initiated to provide seamless, cost-effective, time-bound air transportation and associated logistics for all agri-produce. The scheme is sponsored by the Ministry of Civil Aviation and implemented by AAI Cargo Logistics and Allied Services Company Ltd. The objective of the scheme is to increase the share of air transport in the modal mix for transportation of Agri-produce and improve value realization. Krishi Udan 2.0, proposed in 2021, has allocated Rs. 1000 crores for the scheme, with additional funds to be allocated.
Scheme Overview
The Krishi Udan Scheme offers subsidies to airlines provided by Central, State and Airport authorities. The scheme is applicable to all agricultural producers, especially from Northeast, hilly and tribal regions of India. Participating airports include 58 airports across India listed under the scheme. The scheme covers perishable agricultural products such as milk, meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, flowers and processed products. The scheme offers a waiver of airport charges such as parking charges and terminal navigation landing charges on select airports if the agricultural cargo is over 50% of the total chargeable weight carried.
Scheme Modified: Krishi Udan 2.0, proposed in 2021
Scheme Fund Allocated: Rs. 1000 crores for Krishi Udan Scheme, additional funds to be allocated for Krishi Udan 2.0
Type of Government Scheme: Central Government of India
Sponsored / Sector Scheme: Sponsored by the Ministry of Civil Aviation and implemented by AAI Cargo Logistics and Allied Services Company Ltd.
Subsidies provided to airlines by Central, State and Airport authorities
Eligibility
Open to all agricultural producers, with focus on Northeast, hilly and tribal regions of India (What about the other parts of India. Is it applicable or not?)
Applicable Products
Milk, meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, flowers and other perishable agricultural produce
Participating
Airports
58 airports across India listed under the scheme
Subsidies
Waiver of airport charges such as parking charges and terminal navigation landing charges on select airports if the agricultural cargo is over 50% of the total chargeable weight carried
Objective
To provide seamless, cost-effective, time-bound air transportation and associated logistics for all agri-produce and increase the share of air in the modal mix for transportation of Agri-produce.
Latest News about the scheme
The scheme will be implemented at 53 airports across the country, with a focus on the northeast and tribal regions. The Union aviation ministry plans to pilot the scheme for six months, with amendments based on the experience of stakeholders. The Krishi Udan scheme has been formulated with support from AAI Cargo Logistics and Allied Services Company Limited, a subsidiary of the Airports Authority of India and Invest India, India’s national investment promotion agency. The scheme offers a full waiver of charges such as landing and parking for Indian freighters at selected airports.
Union aviation minister J M Scindia said that the Krishi Udan scheme would open up new avenues of growth for the agriculture sector by removing barriers in the supply chain, logistics and transportation of farm produce. The convergence between the agriculture and aviation sectors is possible due to the evolutionary possible use of biofuel for aircraft in the future, the use of drones in the agriculture sector and greater integration and value realization of agricultural products through schemes like Krishi UDAN.
The Krishi Udan scheme will create airside transit and trans-shipment infrastructure at eight airports, including Bagdogra, Guwahati, Leh, Srinagar, Nagpur, Nashik, Ranchi and Raipur. Seven focus routes and the agro products to be flown from there have been identified, including Amritsar-Dubai for baby corn, Darbhanga-rest of India for litchis, Sikkim-rest of India for organic produce, Chennai, Visakhapatnam and Kolkata – far east for seafood, Agartala-Delhi and Dubai for pineapple, Dibrugarh to Delhi and Dubai for mandarin and oranges and Guwahati-Hong Kong for pulses, fruits and vegetables. The Krishi Udan scheme is expected to benefit farmers, freight forwarders and airlines.
Benefits
The Krishi Udan Scheme offers the following benefits:
Ensures seamless, affordable and timely air transportation for all the perishable agricultural produce
Facilitates the transportation of agri-produce, including horticulture, fishery, livestock, and processed products, from one place to another through special airplanes
Increases the share of air in the modal mix for transportation of Agri-produce
Improves value realization through better integration and optimization of Agri-harvesting and air transportation
Contributes to Agri-value chain sustainability and resilience under different and dynamic conditions
Drawback
One of the limitations of the Krishi Udan Scheme is that it may not effectively cater to the needs of small farmers who might not have sufficient agricultural produce to take advantage of the scheme.
The Krishi Udan Scheme primarily focuses on the transportation of fruits, vegetables, flowers and other perishable agricultural products. However, there are several other types of crops that are not covered under the scheme, such as:
Cereals – wheat, rice, maize, barley and oats.
Pulses – lentils, chickpeas, beans and peas.
Oilseeds – soybean, sunflower, groundnut and sesame.
Spices – cumin, coriander, turmeric and cardamom.
Sugarcane
Cotton
Tea and coffee
These crops are an integral part of India’s agricultural sector and are grown in large quantities across the country.
How to Apply?
The procedure to apply for the Krishi Udan Scheme is as follows:
Visit the AAI Cargo Logistics and Allied Services Company Ltd website – www.aai.aero
Register and login to the website
Fill in the required details in the application form
Upload the necessary documents
Submit the application
Documents Required
The following documents are required to apply for the Krishi Udan Scheme:
Aadhar Card
PAN Card
Bank Account Details
Certificate of Registration of the Company/Firm
FSSAI License
Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Certificate
Transport Vehicle Registration Number
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Krishi Udan Scheme is a central government-sponsored initiative that aims to provide seamless, cost-effective and time-bound air transportation and associated logistics for all agri-produce. The scheme covers perishable agricultural products, including milk, meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, flowers and processed products. The Krishi Udan Scheme offers subsidies to airlines provided by Central, State and Airport authorities. The scheme has been modified in its second phase, Krishi Udan 2.0, with Rs. 1000 crores allocated for it, with additional funds to be allocated. The scheme has identified seven focus routes and products to be flown from there. While the scheme offers several benefits, including increased value realization and improved integration, it may not cater to the needs of small farmers and other crops not covered under the scheme. Overall, the Krishi Udan Scheme has the potential to contribute to the sustainability and resilience of the Agri-value chain.
GOBARdhan or Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan was launched in 2018 by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, which is now known as the Jal Shakti Ministry. GOBARdhan scheme focuses on supporting rural households and farmers to undertake management of cattle waste in a scientific and hygienic manner. The main aim of the scheme is to promote sustainable management of cattle waste and generate biogas and organic fertilizer from it.
Managing and converting cattle dung and solid waste on farms into compost, biogas and bio CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)
Principles
Aggregate cattle waste and convert it to biogas (for domestic and industrial purposes)
Bio slurry as a byproduct of biogas process, can be used as bio fertilizer
Actively involve the community/SHGs/Milk cooperatives in operation and management
Entrepreneurship for the large-scale production of compressed biogas and bio fertilizers.
Project Models of GOBARdhan Scheme
Gobardhan scheme can be implemented through various project models depending on the local conditions, availability of resources and needs of the community. The following are the 4 major project models of Gobardhan scheme,
Individual Household: Households which have three or more cattles can adopt this model. Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) will provide technical and financial assistance to households for constructing biogas plants. Biogas and Slurry generated from the plant can be used for cooking and manure by households and any surplus can be sold in the market.
Community: Under this model, biogas plant can be constructed for a minimum number of households (5 to 10). The biogas produced can be used for cooking and lighting, and organic fertilizers can be used for agriculture. The project can be managed by Gram Panchayat / Self-help groups.
Clusters: This model involves setting up a biogas plant in a cluster of villages, where the organic waste from all the villages is collected and processed in the biogas plant. The biogas and organic fertilizers produced can be shared among the villages and surplus can be sold in the market.
Commercial CBG (Compressed Biogas): In this model, raw biogas produced is compressed and can be used as vehicular fuel or sold to industries. Slurry generated is converted into bio-fertilizer and can be sold to farmers. Compressed biogas plants can be operated by Entrepreneurs / Cooperative Societies / Gaushalas etc.
Latest News about GOBARdhan Scheme
Recently, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the establishment of 500 new ‘Waste to Wealth’ plants under the scheme for promoting circular economy with total investment of 10,000 crore.
Out of these 500 plants, 200 plants for compressed biogas (75 plants in rural plants)
300 – community or cluster-based plants.
Benefits of GOBARdhan Scheme
The scheme provides a source of income to farmers by helping them to convert cattle waste into organic fertilizers, biogas and other by-products. This can help farmers generate additional income by reducing their input costs.
The use of organic fertilizers helps improve soil health, which in turn leads to better crop yields and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers. This can be beneficial for farmers in the long run as it could reduce their dependence on expensive inputs.
By converting cattle waste into organic fertilizers and bio-gas, the scheme helps to reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable farming practices.
Challenges
The success of the scheme depends on the active participation of farmers and villagers. Due to lack of awareness and incentives, many people are not interested in participating in the scheme.
The scheme requires setting up of bio-gas plants and storage facilities which is a significant challenge in many rural areas.
Step 2: On the Homepage, Click on the ‘Registration’ icon
Step 3: Application form will be displayed in the screen
Step 4: Enter all the required details in application form (Mention personal details, address details, registration details like user id, password, mobile number, OTP etc.)
Step 5: After completing the application form, Submit it online.
Step 6: After successful registration, applicant farmers can login into their account by using username and password.
Conclusion
The GOBARdhan scheme is expected to not only benefit the rural population by providing a source of renewable energy and organic fertilizer, but it will also help in reducing pollution caused by open burning of cattle dung and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Sericulture refers to the cultivation of silk by rearing silkworms, and it is an important agro-based industry that generates income and employment for millions of people. Silk Samagra: Integrated Scheme for Development of Silk Industry – 2 was launched by Ministry of Textiles under Government of India in 2021. The silk samagra 2 scheme provides a comprehensive package of support to sericulture farmers in India. The main aim of the scheme is to enhance the livelihoods of silk farmers and promote the growth and development of the silk industry in the country.
Scheme Overview
Scheme Name: Silk Samagra: Integrated Scheme for Development of Silk Industry – 2
Scheme Implemented: 2021
Scheme Fund Allocated: Rs. 4679.86 crore
Type of Government Scheme: Central Sector Scheme
Sponsored / Sector Scheme: Ministry of Textiles
Website to apply: NA
Helpline No: 080-26282612
Features of Silk Samagra – 2
CATEGORY
REMARKS
Total Tenure period of the scheme
2021-22 to 2025-26
Implemented by
Ministry of Textiles through Central Silk Board
Duration of Silk Samagra 1
3 years from 2017-18 to 2019-20
Aim
To empower underprivileged, impoverished and backward families in India through various sericulture activities.
Components
Research & Development (R&D), Training, Transfer of Technology (TOT) and Information Technology (I.T) Initiatives
Seed Organizations
Coordination and Market Development
Export Brand Promotion and Technology Upgradation
Collaboration
Executed by Central Silk Board in collaboration with State Department of Sericulture in the entire country
Reputed Organizations like Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) and International Research Institutes on Sericulture will also collaborate in R&D and technological advancements.
Promotion of Indian Silk Brands
Through quality certification by Silk Mark in the domestic and Export market
Supports
Mulberry, Vanya and Post Cocoon Sectors
Implementation with other schemes
Based on the convergence with Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
Others
For seed quality monitoring and to benefit stakeholders’ silk samagra 2 scheme comprises the following two systems,
Mobile Applications
Sericulture Information Linkages and Knowledge System portal
Latest News about Silk Samagra-2 Scheme
Recently, Silk Samagra-2 Scheme has achieved its success for increasing the export of raw silk from India to other countries.
Benefits of Silk Samagra-2 Scheme
The scheme provides financial assistance to farmers and silk producers to set up sericulture units, purchase equipment and other expenses related to sericulture.
Silk Samagra-2 scheme provides training to farmers and silk producers on modern techniques of sericulture, which can help them to increase their productivity and improve the quality of silk.
The scheme facilitates market linkages for farmers, which can help them to get better prices for their silk. The scheme also provides certification for silk products which helps to promote the export of silk and increase its value in the global market.
Challenges of Silk Samagra-2 Scheme
Many farmers and silk producers are not aware of the benefits of the scheme.
Climate change and natural disasters such as floods and droughts can have a significant impact on sericulture, affecting the production and quality of silk and causing losses for farmers.
Documents Required
Aadhar Card
PAN Card
Bank Account Details
Electricity bill
Other relevant business documents
How to apply?
To apply for this scheme, Visit the Department of Sericulture in your District
While visiting the office, take all the required documents with you
Get the application form for Silk Samagra-2 scheme from the respective authority
Fill in all the asked information carefully in the application form and attach the necessary documents mentioned in the form
After filling all the required information, Submit your application form
Conclusion
Overall, Silk Samagra-2 schemes promotes the production and development of silk industry in India, with a focus on improving the livelihood of silk farmers and weavers.
Dairy Processing And Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF)
Dairy farming is a major source of livelihood for many people in rural areas. India is the largest milk producer which contributes 24 percent of global milk production in the year 2021-22 and ranks 1st position in the world. Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) is a government initiative aimed at supporting the dairy sector in India. The primary objective of this scheme is to increase the value of milk produced by farmers by promoting the establishment of more efficient and modern processing units that can produce high-quality dairy products.
Scheme Overview
Scheme Name: Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF)
Scheme Implemented: 2017-18
Scheme Fund Allocated: 11,184 Crores
Type of Government Scheme: Central Sector Scheme
Sector / Sponsored Scheme: Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying
Website to apply: NA
Helpline No: NA
Key Features of Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund
Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) scheme is managed by National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), a statutory body established by the Government of India to promote, finance and support dairy development across the country
CATEGORY
REMARKS
Aim
To boost dairy sector
Implementing Agency
National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)
End borrowers
Milk Unions, State Dairy Federations, Multi State Milk Cooperatives, Milk Producer Companies, National Dairy Development Board Subsidiaries
Financial Outlay
Interest subvention – Rs 1167 crore
NABARD – Rs. 8004 crores
Eligible End Borrowers – Rs. 2001 crore
National Dairy Development Board & National Cooperative Development Corporation – Rs. 12 crores
Funding pattern
Loan Component – 80%
End Borrower’s Contribution – 20%
Repayment Period
10 years (Moratorium Period – 2 years)
Interest rate
Fixed 6.5% per annum
Components
Creation and Modernization of new milk processing facilities
Manufacturing facilities for Value added products
Setting up electronic milk testing equipment
Project Management and Learning
Other components which contribute to the objectives of DIDF
Objectives of Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund
Modernization of milk processing plants and machinery
Creation of additional infrastructure for processing more milk
Bringing more efficiency in dairy processing plants and controlled dairy institutions
Benefits of DIDF
Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund provides financial assistance to dairy cooperatives and private dairy processors to upgrade their processing facilities. This can help modernize the dairy industry in India, leading to improved productivity and quality of dairy products
DIDF scheme increases the milk processing capacity of the country that leads to higher milk production. Therefore, the scheme can provide additional income to the farmers and boost the rural economy
This scheme also helps to create employment opportunities in the dairy sector by supporting the development of new processing facilities
Challenges of Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund
Developing infrastructure for dairy processing in rural areas can be challenging due to lack of access to electricity and other basic infrastructure. This can make it difficult to set up and run modern processing facilities in these areas.
Documents Required
Documents required for applying for the Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) may vary depending on the type of applicant (dairy cooperative or private dairy processor). Some of the common documents required for DIDF,
Project proposal
Business Plan
Project cost estimate
Proof of ownership
Other relevant business documents
How to apply?
If you are really interested in applying for funding from the DIDF, follow the below mentioned steps,
Understand the eligibility criteria before applying
End borrower meeting the eligibility criteria must prepare a Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Submit the DPR to Regional office of National Dairy Development Board
Once you submit your application, it will be reviewed by the DIDF board.
If your application is approved, you will receive the funding as per the terms and conditions of the DIDF scheme
Conclusion
Therefore, the Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund is an important initiative for promoting the growth and development of the dairy sector in India, which is a significant contributor to the country’s agricultural economy.
Growing Watermelons: Best Agricultural Practices for a Successful Harvest
Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus), is an important cucurbitaceous crop, grown in warm, tropical or subtropical climates. It is a popular fruit, especially during summer, known for its sweet and refreshing taste. The fruit is highly nutritious, rich in 92% water, 7% carbohydrates, 0.2% protein and 0.3% minerals. Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Orissa are the major watermelon producing states in India. As per the Second Advance Estimate for 2021 – 2022, the total area under watermelon cultivation is estimated to around 1.23 lakh ha while total production is estimated to be about 3.46 million tonnes in India. Following improved agricultural practices can ensure successful watermelon harvest with increased quality and yield of fruits.
A well-drained sandy loam soil with a pH of 6.0 – 7.0 is highly preferred for watermelon cultivation. Soil should be fertile and rich in organic matter. Lighter soils which warm up quickly are usually preferred for early yield while heavier soils have high vine growth but delays fruit maturity. The soil should neither crack during summer season nor waterlog during rainy season.
Watermelon is a warm season crop and is highly susceptible to frost. It requires a longer period of warmth, preferably dry weather with abundant sunshine. 18 – 25°C of sowing temperature with optimum moisture is required for germination. An average temperature of 30 – 35°C is required for growth while temperature range of about 35 – 40°C during fruit development is ideal for good quality and sweet fruit. Cool nights and warm days can increase sugar accumulation in fruits.
Excellent sweetness, crispy & suitable for distant transportation.
Season
Watermelon seeds are mainly sown during mid-December to January.
Seed rate
Varieties: 1 – 1.5 kg/acre for small-seeded types; 2 kg/acre for large seeded types
Hybrid: 300 – 400 gm/acre
Seed treatment
It is preferred to use pre-sprouted seeds to improve crop stand in the field. The seeds should be soaked in water overnight and should then be kept in gunny bag near a warm place. The seeds will start to germinate in about 3 to 4 days. Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride at 20 gm/kg seeds or mix 5-10 ml of Pseudomonas fluorescens in 50 ml water and apply it for 1 kg seeds.It can also be treated with Metalaxyl 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP at 1 – 1.5 gm/lit water/kg seeds.
Watermelon can be direct-seeded or transplanted from nursery.
1. Direct-seeded method:
Methods of sowing
Furrow method
Pit method
Hill method
Furrows are to be made 2 – 3 m apart. Sow the seeds on either side of the furrows. Dibble 2-3 seeds at each place and remove the weak seedlings after germination and keep plant to plant distance as 0.75 – 1 m along the furrows. The furrow size should be of 60 cm.
Construct pits of 60 cm diameter and 60 cm depth. Maintain pit to pit distance of about 2 – 3 m. Then fill the pits with well decomposed FYM and soil. Sow 4 seeds per pit. Later, remove unhealthy plants and retain only 2 or 3 plants pet pit.
It is usually adopted in riverbed cultivation. Construct a pit of 30 x 30 x 30 cm at a distance of 1 – 1.5 m. Fill the pits with equal proportion of soil and FYM. Pile the soil in the form of a hill and then sow 2 seeds per hill.
Furrow methodPit methodHill method
Gap filling and Thinning
The seeds will germinate after 8 – 10 days of sowing. At that time, thinning is done by retaining 2 or 3 healthy seedings while removing the rest. Removed seedlings may be used for gap filling.
2. Transplanting method:
Nursery establishment
Polybag nursery
Portrays nursery
Use polybags of 200-gauge, 0.1 m of diameter and 15 cm height. Fill the bags with 1:1:1 ratio of red soil, sand and FYM mixture.
Portrays having 98 cells can be used. Sow 1 – 2 seeds per cell.
Field preparation for transplanting seedlings: Prepare raised beds of 1.2 m width and 30 cm height for sowing. In the case of drip system, place the lateral tubes in the center of each bed. Irrigate the beds through drip system for 8-12 hrs.
Transplanting: Transplant 12 days old seedlings in the main field. Then, plant the seedlings in the holes made on the beds at a distance of 60 cm distance.
Fertilizer Requirement
The general dose of fertilizer recommendation for watermelon is 40:20:30 kg/acre.
00 : 00: 50 at 5 gm/lit water + Ammonium Sulphate 3 kg
Irrigation
Watermelon crops have a deep tap root system, and it requires less frequent irrigation. 1st irrigation to direct sown watermelon crop can be delayed if the field has sufficient moisture. However, inadequate irrigation can result in poor germination and uneven growth. 1st irrigation for transplanted seedling is to be given immediately after transplanting and subsequent irrigation can be given at 10 – 14 days intervals. In stage of crop growth, irrigate the crop at weekly intervals. Avoid over flooding the field. Avoid water stress especially during pre-flowering, flowering and fruiting stages. Restrict the irrigation only to the root zone areas and avoid wetting veins or vegetative parts, flowers and fruits. Stop irrigation at fruit maturity or 3 – 6 days before harvesting to maintain better sweetness and flavour of fruits. A total of 7 – 9 irrigations can be given in the entire crop duration. ‘Drip irrigation’ is highly recommended for better quality of fruit, minimizing disease and weed infestation and for water conservation.
Pollination
Pollination is a very important step in cultivation, contributing to fruit development. Both male and flowers grow on the same plant but separately in watermelon plant.
Honeybees: They are the primary pollinators. Insufficient pollination results in misshapen fruits. To encourage bee activity, 1 or 2 beehives can be placed per acre. Spraying chemicals in morning hours during flowering stage should be avoided.
Manual pollination: Hand pollination can also be done in the early morning. The stamen from the male flower should be brushed against the stigma of the female flower.
Mulching
Mulching can be done underneath fruit using straw or dry leaves. Now-a-days farmers are also using plastic sheets for mulching. It helps in moisture conservation, weed suppression and prevents fruits from being in contact with soil so as to reduce pest and disease attacks. As the crop is mainly cultivated during the period of high temperature and hot winds, mulching is necessary for watermelon cultivation.
Pinching/Training
Pruning improves yield and quality of fruits. When vines are about 1 m, apical shoots can be removed/pinched to promote growth of side shoots. During the initial stages of fruit setting, remove the malformed, damaged or diseased fruits. Only a maximum of 4 – 5 fruits can be retained per vine which can improve fruit size and yield.
Earthing up and Weed Management
Earthing up can be done after top dressing with nitrogen fertilizer.Keep the field free from weeds during the early stages of crop growth. Follow hand weeding at an interval of 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing.
Major pests of watermelon crops include red pumpkin beetle, fruit fly, thrips, aphids, whitefly, leaf eating caterpillar, serpentine leaf miner, red spider mite, cutworms and cucumber beetle.
Generally, watermelon will be ready for harvest 30 – 40 days after flowering.
When the tendril near the stem gets dried, it indicates fruit maturity
On thumping/tapping, if the fruit produces dull hollow sound, then the fruits are ready for harvest
Fruit maturity is indicated when the fruit surface touching the ground shows a light yellow colour.
The rind of the fruit becomes hard and cannot be punctured with thumbnails on maturity.
Grading
Watermelons are graded depending upon their size, appearance, symmetry and uniformity in appearance. The fruit’s surface should be bright and waxy in appearance, devoid of scars, sunburn and abrasions.
Criteria for Range in Watermelon:
Tradable Parameters
Range I
Range II
Range III
Quality
Superior
Very good
Good
Colour, shape and size (With respect to characteristic true to variety)
Uniform
Semi-uniform
Reasonably uniform
Defects allowed (Paler part of any fruit region including bruises)
Nil
A slight defect in coloring for the paler part of the fruit which is in contact with the ground during growth period
Any defect in coloring in rind, slight abrasions/bruising, presence of cracks
Weight (kgs)
Above 5 – 10
2 to 5
Below 2
Range tolerance
5% of fruits falling in range II category
10% of fruits falling in range III category
15% of fruits with minimum standards
TSS (Optional)
Not less than 10°brix
Storage of Watermelon
Watermelon can be stored for about 15 days at 15°C. Lower temperature may cause chilling injury. It does not stand long transportation. During transportation in trucks, stack the fruits on dried grass to avoid damage and bruising. It is important to not store or transport watermelons with apples, tomato, muskmelon and bananas because the ethylene produced from these fruits hastens softening and development of off-flavours to watermelon fruits. There is a high chance of losing crispiness and colour due to long period of storage.
Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme For Food Processing Sector
Production-based sectors plays a major role in India’s economy. The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for the Food Processing Sector is a government initiative launched in March 2021, which aims to boost the growth of the food processing industry in India. The main objective of the scheme is to attract investment in the food processing sector, create employment opportunities for off-farm jobs, ensure remunerative prices of farm produce, increase farmers income and promote the export of processed food products.
Scheme Overview
Scheme Name: Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Food Processing Sector
Scheme Implemented: 2021
Scheme Fund Allocated: Rs. 10,900 crores
Type of Government Scheme: Central Sector Scheme
Sector / Sponsored Scheme: Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Features of Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Food Processing Sector
CATEGORY
REMARKS
Total Tenure period of the Scheme
6 year period from 2021-22 to 2026-27
Beneficiaries
Farmers, Food Processing Industries
Part of the Scheme
Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self – reliant India campaign)
Categories of Applicant
Category I
Entities who get financial assistance based on Sales and Investment criteria belong to this category. They could also undertake Branding & Marketing activities abroad and apply for incentives.
Category II
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME) who manufactures organic and innovative products
Category III
Applicants exclusively apply for incentives to undertake Branding and Marketing activities abroad.
Incentive Sales
For sales of eligible food products
Products manufactured by the applicants as well its subsidiaries and contract manufactures
Grants
Applicants will have an extended grant @ 50% of expenditure on branding & marketing;
Financial assistance up to 3% for Sales of food products or Rs 50 crore per year, whichever is less.
Minimum expenditure for branding abroad
Rs 5 crore for a period of five years
Incentives would be paid for 6 years
Incremental sales over the base year from the year 2021-22 to 2026-27
Components of Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Food Processing Sector
First component: This component encourages the manufacturing of following four major food product segments
Ready to Cook / Ready to Eat (RTC/RTE) which includes millet-based products
Processed vegetables and fruits
Mozzarella cheese
Marine Product
This component also covers organic products including free range eggs, meat, poultry and egg Products.
Second Component: This component mainly focuses on Branding and Marketing abroad.
Benefits of Product Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing sector
The scheme is expected to increase the demand for agricultural produce, as food processing companies will require raw materials for their products. This increased demand can lead to better prices for farmers and higher income.
The PLI scheme encourages companies to invest in research and development and product innovation, which could lead to the development of new value-added products from agricultural produce. This could create new markets for farmers and provide them with opportunities to diversify their crops.
PLI scheme also aims to enhance the competitiveness of the food processing industry in India, which could lead to better market access for Indian food products in domestic and international markets. This could create more opportunities for farmers to sell their produce and increase their income.
Challenges
The government’s allocation for the PLI scheme may not be sufficient to meet the demands of the food processing sector. This could lead to a situation where only a few companies receive benefits from the scheme, leaving smaller players out of the loop.
Documents Required
Company Registration Certificate
Applicants CIN number
Company’s Profile
Annual Reports
GSTN Certificate etc.
How to apply?
Step 1: Go to the official website of Ministry of Food Processing Industry (MOFPI) at https://www.mofpi.gov.in/
Step 2: On the Homepage, click on the schemes tab and select Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing Sector option
Step 3: Now visit the PLISFPI portal and click on ‘Register’
Step 4: Registration form will be displayed in the screen
Step 5: Enter all the mandatory details and click on register option
Step 6: On Successful registration, username and password will be sent to the official mail ID.
Step 7: Choose login option from the homepage and log on to the portal
Step 8: Fill the application form carefully and upload all the required documents
Step 9: Submit the application form
Conclusion
The PLI scheme for the food processing sector is a positive step towards achieving the government’s goal of doubling farmers income and making India self-reliant in the food processing sector.
Harvesting A Win-Win Deal: FCI's E-Auction Brings Relief To Indian Farmers And Common Man As Well
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) sold 3.85 LMT wheat through its second e-auction, generating Rs. 901 crore. The sale of wheat through e-auction will continue every Wednesday till the second week of March 2023 to address the rising prices of wheat and atta. Additionally, the government allocated 3 LMT wheat to various PSUs/cooperatives/federations for sale without e-auction and the concessional rates for wheat and atta under this scheme have been revised.
Overview
The highest demand during the e-auction was for quantities ranging from 100 to 499 MT, indicating that small and medium flour millers and traders actively participated. The allocation of wheat to government PSUs/cooperatives/federations at concessional rates is aimed at benefiting the general public by bringing down the prices of wheat and atta. This may also indirectly benefit farmers by creating demand for their wheat crop and ensuring a stable market price for their produce. This can provide a stable source of income for farmers and promote agricultural growth in the country.
Important points
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) conducted its second e-auction of wheat stock on 15th February 2023, offering 15.25 LMT.
More than 1060 bidders participated, and 3.85 LMT wheat was sold, generating Rs. 901 crore for FCI.
The auction resulted in the realization of a weighted average rate of Rs. 2338.01 per quintal by FCI.
Until the second week of March 2023, every Wednesday, the sale of wheat through e-auction will persist across the country.
The National Cooperative Consumers’ Federation of India Limited (NCCF) has been allowed to lift 68,000 MT of wheat stock under this scheme across 08 states.
Selling over 25 LMT of wheat stock, out of the total 30 LMT earmarked for sale under Open Market Sale Scheme (Domestic) OMSSD (D) through OMSS (D) scheme, within two months is expected to have a positive impact on controlling the rising prices of wheat and Atta, thereby providing relief to the general public.
Conclusion
In general, the initiatives taken by the FCI and the government to enhance the availability and affordability of wheat and flour appear to have the potential to benefit India’s food economy. These actions could mitigate the financial strain on the public, particularly with the surge in food prices, by regulating prices and increasing accessibility to a broader segment of consumers.
