Field Preparation for Onions

By

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January 4, 2023

India is the second largest onion producer. Indian onions are famous for having their pungency all year around. Due to this fact there is a lot of demand for Indian Onions. India has exported 1,537,496.89 MT of fresh onion to the world for the worth Rs. 3,432.14 crores during the year 2021-22. Some of the major export countries are Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, United Arab EMTs, Nepal and Indonesia. Major onion growing states are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand and Telangana.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Selection of Seeds

There are various kind of onion varieties to choose from like Co 1, Co 2, MDU 1, Agrifound Rose, Arka Bindu, Bhima Shubra, Bhima Shweta, Bhima Safed, Pusa White Round, Arka Yojith, Pusa White Flat, Udaipur 102, Phule Safed, N25791, Agrifound White, Phule Suvarna, Arka Niketan, Arka Kirtiman, Bhima Super, Bhima Red, Punjab Selection, Pusa Red, N2-4-1, Pusa Madhavi, Arka Kalyan and Arka Lalima.

Onion Seed Treatment

The green shoots of the onion are completely cut and removed. The onion bulbs are then treated with bavistin (or) dithane M45 @ 2 gm/litre water for 5-10 minutes before sowing. This will help prevent the bulbs infection from soil borne pathogens.

The seeds are treated with thiram @ 2gm/kg of seeds. Two days after treating the seeds, they are treated with Trichoderma viride @ 1.25 kg/ha is also recommended to manage damping off and raise healthy seedlings.

Nursery Bed Preparation for Onions

The seed requirement for one hectare is approximately 5 – 7 kgs. The ideal nursery size is about 6 to 7 cents. The land is ploughed 5 – 6 times and all the debris is removed. The soil is mixed with 500 kg of FYM and raised beds are made. The raised beds are of 10-15 cm height, 1.0 & 1.2 m width and length respectively with 30 cm distance between each bed. The seeds are then sown in lines at 50 mm to 75 mm. This is followed by light irrigation. After 35-40 days after sowing (DAS) for Kharif and 45-50 DAS for late Kharif and Rabi seasons, the seedling will be available for transplanting.

Land Preparations for Onion

Onion land preparation follows the land being ploughed for three to four times. Add 20 tons of FYM per acre at the time of last ploughing. Ridges and furrows are made with 20 cm spacing and fertilizers of Urea: 26 kg, SSP: 144 kg and Potash: 19 kgs are to be added to the soil. The treated bulbs are planted after irrigating the field for easy transplanting.

Soil Type Requirements for Onion

Onion is grown all throughout the country. Therefore, onions can be grown in any soil. However, loamy soil or clayey loam soil is considered to be ideal.

Soil pH for Onion Production

Soil with neutral pH is optimal.

Conclusion

Onion is a hardy crop that can be grown anywhere. Onions, unlike other crops, can be stored for a long time. Therefore, onions regardless of when or where it is grown can be stored and sold in the market.

FAQs

What is the seed rate for onion?

The seed requirement for one acre is approximately 2 – 3 kgs.

What are the popular varieties of onion?

States	Varieties
Karnataka & Telangana	Nasik Red onion (N-53), Royal selection onion, JSC Nasik Red onion (N-53), Prema 178 onion
Andhra Pradesh	Nasik Red onion (N-53), Prema onion, JSC Nasik Red onion (N-53), Prema 178 onion, Gulmohar onion
Madhya Pradesh	Nasik red onion (N-53), Gulmohar onion, Laxmi onion seeds diamond super, Royal Selection onion, Rise Agro Laxmi onion diamond super
Maharashtra	Nasik Red onion (N-53), Gulmohar onion seeds, JSC Nasik red onion (N-53), Royal selection onion, Rise Agro Laxmi onion diamond super
Uttar Pradesh	Nasik Red onion (N-53), Royal selection onion, Prema onion, JSC Nasik Red onion (N-53), Gulmohar onion

What is the ideal time for transplanting onion seedlings?

After 35 – 40 days after sowing (DAS) for Kharif and 45 – 50 DAS for late Kharif and Rabi seasons, the seedling will be ready for transplanting.

What is the fertilizer recommendation for onion?

The general dose of fertilizer recommendation for onion is 38:14:22 kg/acre. The commercial quantity to be applied in the field is given in the table below:

Nutrient	Fertilizers	General Dose (per acre)
Organic	FYM	6 ton
N	Urea (or)	83 kg
N	Ammonium Sulphate	178 kg
P	Single Super Phosphate (SSP) (or)	89 kg
P	Double Super Phosphate (DSP)	44 kg
K	Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)	37 kg
K	Sulphate of Potash (SOP)	45 kg
Zn (For zinc deficient soil)	ANAND AGRO INSTA CHEAL ZINC 12 % Micronutrient	Foliar application: 0.5 -1 gm/lit water Soil application: 10 kg
B	ALLBOR Boron 20%	Foliar spray: 1gm/lit water

How is seed treatment done for onion bulb/seeds?

Bulb treatment: Treat the onion bulbs with Bavistin (or) Dithane M75 (Mancozeb 75% WP) at 2 – 2.5 gm/litre water for 5 – 10 minutes before sowing. This will help prevent the bulbs infection from soil borne pathogens.

Seed treatment: The seeds are treated with Vitavax powder (Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS) at 3 gm/kg seed per acre or treat with BACF TRIDENT (Tricoderma viride 1.5%WP) at 4 gm/kg seed is also recommended to manage damping off and raise healthy seedlings.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparation for Coffee

By

Sathya G

-

January 4, 2023

0

India in the year 2021-2022 alone produced 3.69 lakh tonnes of coffee. The world’s largest coffee producers are Brazil, Vietnam, Columbia, Indonesia and Ethiopia. India ranks as the world’s seventh-largest coffee producer. In India, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu are the largest producers of coffee. Indian coffee is regarded as one of the strongest blends. Indian coffee, however, is extensively exported by almost 80% of the total coffee produced. India exports to Italy, Germany, Russia, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States and the United Kingdom. There are two kinds of coffee that are cultivated: Arabica and Robusta.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

There are two major types, arabica and robusta. The popular hybrids from those two types are Kent, S-795, Cauvery, and Selection 9.

Coffee Seed Treatment

Coffee seeds are usually bought from credible retailers as producing coffee seeds from coffee beans is very hard. Coffee seeds are treated with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria. Coffee seeds are not treated with too many chemicals as the seeds are sensitive to different chemicals and can affect the germination process. The coffee seed’s coat must be removed carefully. The seeds are then washed in a 1% solution of sodium hypochlorite. The seeds are then immediately washed in demineralized water to remove any chemical residue. The seeds are then soaked for 48 hours.

Nursery Bed Preparation for Coffee

Coffee saplings are usually bought and planted, as getting coffee saplings from seed is very hard, time-consuming and delicate. Coffee saplings in nurseries are usually raised in polythene bags. The bag is mixed with a thin layer of fine soil, vermiculite and humus. The seeds are then individually sown and kept in shade. The germination takes 2.5 months. The coffee seeds are very sensitive, therefore too much water or too little can kill the seeds.

Land Preparation for Coffee

The field must be weed free. The field must be cleaned without any debris. The field must be on a sloppy surface for better water management. The field must be soil tested before any nutrient or manure application. Based on soil test results, apply lime accordingly. Adding bulky organic manures like FYM or compost at 5 tonnes/ha is a thumb rule. The saplings are usually planted in a shaded condition, usually with an accompanying agroforestry crop.

Soil Type Requirements for Coffee

Coffee is usually planted on a well drained soil with high humus content and with pH of 5 to 6. The soil has to be acidic, and this has to be maintained. The soil must be tested every 2 years to find out the fertility level.

Conclusion

Coffee is a very hard crop to cultivate and is extremely sensitive. Coffee, however, if cultivated properly will fetch the farmer high return on investment.

FAQs

What are the popular varieties and hybrids of coffee?

Variety – Arabica and Robusta

Hybrid – Kent, S – 795, Cauvery, and Selection 9

How to do seed treatment for coffee seeds?

Treat the coffee beans/seeds with 10 ml of Azospirillium (SUN BIO AZOS) or Phosphobacteria (SUN BIO PHOSI) mixed with cold jaggery solution. Dry the treated seeds in shade before sowing and use it on the same day.

What is the germination period for the seeds?

It is 2.5 months.

Is there any specific growth condition for coffee?

The saplings are usually planted in a shaded condition, usually with an accompanying agroforestry crop.

What are the major plantation trees grown to provide shade to coffee?

Coffee grows in a 3 – tier shade system. The lower shade tier is usually a nitrogen fixing species like Erythrina or Glyricidia. The secondary tier is of trees like silver oak, white or red cedar which provides effective shade during monsoon by shedding leaves. The tertiary tier is of hardwood trees.

What type of soilis ideal for coffee cultivation?

Well-drained loamy soil is ideal for coffee cultivation.

How is irrigation done for coffee?

Over-head irrigation by sprinkler system is adopted to a greater advantage during Nov – Jan to keep the soil moisture level and Feb – April to ensure blossom as well as backing, if necessary.

What is the fertilizer recommendation for coffee?

The general dose of fertilizer recommendation and its commercial quantity for young bushes up to 4th year is given in the table below.

Year	NPK dose (gram/plant/year)	Fertilizers (gram/plant/year)
Year	NPK dose (gram/plant/year)	Urea	Rock Phosphate	MOP
Arabica
1 year	20:10:20	43	33	33
2 year	20:10:20	43	33	33
3 year	25:15:25	54	50	42
4 year	25:15:25	54	50	42
Robusta
1 year	38:28:38	83	92	63
2 year	38:28:38	83	92	63
3 year	38:28:38	83	92	63
4 year	40:30:40	87	99	67

Fertilizer requirement and commercial quantity for mature yielding coffee is given in the table below.

Bearing bush	NPK dose (kg/acre)	Fertilizer (kg/acre)
Bearing bush		Urea	Rock Phosphate	MOP
Yield level (kg/acre)		Urea	Rock Phosphate	MOP
Arabica
1000	120:90:120	260	297	200
500	70:50:70	152	165	117
Robusta
1000	120:90:130	260	297	217
500	70:50:80	152	165	134

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparation for Rose

By

Sathya G

-

December 30, 2022

0

India is one of the biggest flower producers. In the year 2021-22 alone India exported 23,597.17MT of floriculture products to the world for the worth of Rs. 771.41Crores. In the same year, the country produces 2.1 million tons of loose flowers and 0.8 million tons of cut flowers. In India, Karnataka, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa, Assam, and Telangana are major flower producers.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

There are different kinds of roses to choose from. There are different colors, sizes, shapes and cultivation periods. Some of the popular varieties are Gladiator, Baby Pink, Sofia Lawrence, YCD 1, YCD 2, YCD 3, Edward Rose, Andra Red Rose and Button. There are different types of cut roses and roses are cultivated for value-added products.

Rose Planting Materials & Seed Treatment

Rose plants are usually cultivated from clippings. These are stems, branches or other woody parts from the mother plants. The cuttings when cut must have at least two to three healthy buds. These clippings are then dipped in IBA or IAA at 500 ppm. The clipping must be sown immediately after treatment.

Nursery Bed Preparation for Rose

Roses are usually started with nursery bags. The bags are filled in with the potting mix, FYM, and 6:12:12 g of NPK. The cuttings will start rooting within one month. And rooted cuttings will be transplanted into the main field.

Land Preparations for Rose

The field needs to be ploughed. Pits of 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm are dug at 2.0 x 1.0 m spacing. And 10 kg FYM mixed with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria is added to each pit before planting.

Soil Type Requirements for Rose

Rose requires well-drained soil and optimally sandy loam.

Conclusion

Roses are a sensitive crop to be cultivated. Roses require a lot of nutrient management. Roses come in various colors and sizes and different shapes.

FAQs

What are the common rose types cultivated?

Hybrid Tea, Floribunda, Polyantha, Miniature and climb are the common rose types grown.

How to do seed treatment for rose?

The cuttings (Planting material) with 2 – 3 buds should be dipped in Multiplex Plant Aid (Mixture of IAA, IBA, GA3 and Alpha Napthyl acetic acid) at 1g/l. Then, the cuttings must be sown immediately after treatment.

What are the different methods of propagating rose?

Roses are mainly propagated by cuttings, layers and by budding. Budding is the best method for commercial propagation.

(Cutting – a stem, root, or leaf that is cut from a plant and induces to form roots and/or shoots, thus producing a new plant

Layering – Plant propagation in which a portion or an above ground stem grows roots while still attached to the parent plant and then detaches.

Budding – It is a horticultural technique in which a bud of plant is inserted into a second plant.)

What is the NPK recommendation for rose?

The general dose of fertilizer recommendation for Commercial rose is 6:6:12 g NPK/plant and for Hybrid rose is 8:8:16 g NPK/plant. The commercial quantity to be applied per plant is given in the table below.

Nutrient	Fertilizers	General Dose Commercial Rose (g/plant)	Hybrid Rose (g/plant)
Organic	FYM	10 kg/plant	10 kg/plant
N	Urea (or)	13g	17g
N	Ammonium Sulphate	29g	39g
P	Single Super Phosphate (SSP)	38g	50g
P	Double Super Phosphate (DSP)	19g	25g
K	Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)	20g	27g
K	Sulphate of Potash	24g	32g
Mn	Multiplex Manganese Micronutrient Fertilizer	2.5g/litre (Foliar spray)	2.5g/litre (Foliar spray)
MgSO4	Multiplex Mag (Magnesium Sulphate)	3-4g/litre (Foliar spray)	3-4g/litre (Foliar spray)
Fe	Shamrock Iron (Ferrous) Chelated Micronutrient	1g/litre (Foliar Spray)	1g/litre (Foliar Spray)
B	Linnfield boron 20% micronutrient fertilizer	0.3-0.5g/litre (Foliar spray)	0.3-0.5g/litre (Foliar spray)

What is the ideal time for transplanting rose cuttings?

The cuttings will start rooting within one month and then the rooted cuttings will be transplanted to the main field.

What is the plant growth regulator used for rose cultivation?

Spray Hoshi Sumitomo (Gibberellic acid 0.001%) at 250 ml/acre (30 days after pruning) during early vegetative stage to increase the flower production.

What is the ideal season for planting rose?

Planting can be avoided during hot summer and heavy rains. In plains, roses can be best planted during Sep – Oct after cessation of the rains. In hills, planting can be done during Oct-Nov/Feb-Mar.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparation for Watermelon

By

Sathya G

-

December 30, 2022

0

Watermelon belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. In the past century alone, watermelons have been systematically cultivated to have more red and juicy inside than the white rind. India in the year 2020 – 2021 alone produced approximately 31 million tons of watermelon. India’s top watermelon producers are Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Maharashtra and Jharkhand.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Selection of Seeds

There are various varieties of watermelon which will be in various colors, fruits that bear with seeds, without seeds, and different sizes and shapes. Some of the popular varieties are Arka Manik, Durgapur Kesar, Arka Jyoti, Special Number 1, Asahi Yamato, Sugar Baby, Madhuri 64, Black Magic, Improved Shipper, Pusa Bedana, Durgapura Meetha, Varun, Vimal, Lekha, Black Thunder, Arka Akash, Suvarnima, and Arka Muthu.

Watermelon Seed Treatment

Watermelon seeds are to be treated with Trichoderma viridae 4 g /Kg of seeds or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/Kg of seeds or Carbendizim 2g/kg of seeds. This is to prevent the soil-borne fungal infection that melons are extremely prone to.

Nursery Bed Preparation for Watermelon

Watermelon nursery can be prepared either with polythene bags of 200 gauge, 10 cm diameter and 15 cm height size or through portrays under protected nursery. In a polybag nursery, fill the bags with 1:1:1 ratio of red soil, sand and farmyard manure mixture. Use protrays, each having 98 cells for raising seedlings. Transplant about 15 days old seedlings in the main field.

Land Preparations for Watermelon

The land needs to be plough to a fine tilth. After the land is ploughed apply 20 tons of FYM, Azospirillum 5Kg/Ha and Phosphobacteria at 5 kg/Ha and Pseudomonas at 5 kg/ha along with FYM 50 kg and neem cake 100 kg before the last ploughing. Then raised beds are made with 1.2 m width and 30cm height for sowing. The seedlings have to be placed at least 6 inches apart and each channel has to be at least 2.5 m apart. Each of the raised bed channels is aligned with drip irrigation.

Soil Type Requirements for Watermelon

Watermelon grows well in sandy loamy soil with good drainage to avoid water logging. The optimal pH for watermelon is 6.5-7.5.

Conclusion

Watermelon is a medium crop unlike other cucurbits. Watermelon sowing during January – February enables harvest during summer months and fetches higher prices.

FAQs

What are the popular varieties of Watermelon?

States	Varieties
Tamil Nadu	NS 295 Watermelon, AFA 306 Watermelon, NS 777 Watermelon, Melody F1 Watermelon (KSP 1358), Apoorva Watermelon, Anmol yellow watermelon
Karnataka	NS 295 Watermelon seeds, AFA 306 Watermelon seeds, Melody F1 Watermelon (KSP 1358)
Andhra Pradesh	AFA 306 Watermelon, Apoorva Watermelon, NS 295 Watermelon
Kerala	Apoorva Watermelon, NS 295 Watermelon seeds, JKMWH 007 Gold Watermelon seeds (ice box), URJA US-777 – Watermelon F1 hybrid seeds (Indian and stripped), URJA US-20011 – Watermelon F1 hybrid seeds (icebox imported)
Madhya Pradesh	Apoorva Watermelon, Melody F1 watermelon (KSP 1358), Anmol yellow Watermelon, NS 295 Watermelon seeds

How to prepare nursery bed?

Watermelon nursery can be prepared either with polythene bags of 200-gauge, 10 cm diameter and 15 cm height or through portrays under protected nursery. In a polybag nursery, fill the bags with 1:1:1 ratio of red soil, sand and farmyard manure mixture. Use portrays, each having 98 cells for raising seedlings. Transplant about 15 days old seedlings in the main field.

How to prepare the land for watermelon cultivation?

Plough the land to a fine tilth and form long channel 2.5 m apart. Raised beds are to be prepared in the main field. They are made with 1.2 m width and 30 cm height for sowing.

How is the seed treatment for watermelon done?

Treat the seeds with PIONEER AGRO TRICHODERMA VIRIDE – 250 ml for seeds needed for one acre or Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% EC) – 2gm/litre. It can also be treated by soaking in Hifield AG Ridomet 35 -1.5gm/l + Plantomycin 0.5 gm/l + Humetsu Humic acid 5 – 10 ml/kg mixture before sowing.

Which is the ideal time to sow watermelon?

January – February

What is the ideal time to harvest watermelon?

Harvesting during summer months will fetch higher prices.

What is the general dose of fertilizer recommendation for watermelon?

The fertilizer recommendation for watermelon is 22:22:22 kg/acre. The commercial quantity for field application is listed in the table below:

Nutrient	Fertilizers	General Dose (per acre)
Organic	FYM	8 ton
Organic	Neem cake	40 kg
N	Calcium Nitrate	142 kg
P	Single Super Phosphate (SSP) (or)	139 kg
P	Double Super Phosphate (DSP)	70 kg
K	Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)	37 kg
K	Sulphate of Potash	45 kg
Biofertilizers	Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium	Soil application: 4 kg

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparations For Wheat Crop

By

Sathya G

-

December 30, 2022

0

Wheat is cultivated majorly in the Northern parts of India such as Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Gujarat. In the year 2021 – 22 alone there was 7,239,366.80 MT of wheat exported out of the country amounting to 15,840.31 crores INR. Wheat is a rabi crop that is grown mainly in the clay loamy soil. Wheat is a dry crop, therefore good aeration is necessary.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Seed Selection and Seed Treatment for Wheat

There are a lot of different varieties of wheat to choose from. There are local varieties, hybrid, and imported varieties. Popular varieties include DBW 222, DBW 252, DDW47, DBW 187, DBW 173, HD 2851, HD 2932, PBW 1 Zn, Unnat PBW 343, PDW 233, WHD 943, TL 2908. The DBW 222 is ideal for Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Parts of Rajasthan, UP, Uttarakhand and HP. The DBW 222 is also resistant to rust. The DBW 252 is ideal for UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam and the plains of North Eastern States.

Pre-soaking of seeds: (Time taken)

Wheat seeds don’t need much soaking. A sufficient amount of soaking would be 8 – 12 hours. Soaking for an extended amount of time will cause fungal growth making the seeds to rot and unsuitable to cultivate.

Seed Treatment: Wheat

There are various types of wheat seed treatment that are utilized depending on location, climatic situation, soil condition etc. Some of the common seed treatments are treated with fungicides and insecticides. For places with wetter conditions, various diseases like smut, rot, and blight could affect the seed. The seed treatment for wheat loose smut and flag smut is to use Tebuconazole 1g/kg seed or Bavistin 2.5 g/kg.Seed Treatment procedure will be carried out with the use of a drum. The seed treatment for wheat could also be with Trichoderma viride 4 g / Kg seeds is also helpful, as it reduces the rust severity.

Nursery Bed Preparation for Wheat

Wheat doesn’t necessarily require a nursery like rice. Direct sowing is often practised. The field is prepared for wheat and the seeds are usually broadcasted. However, in recent times there has been an unconventional practice of line sowing as well.

Land Preparations for wheat

Plough the land twice with an iron plough and three times with cultivator and prepare the land to a fine tilth.At last ploughing add 12 tons of Farm yard manure with 5 kg of biofertilizer, 5 kg of Trichoderma and 5 kg of Pseudomonas per hectare.

Soil Type Requirements for wheat

Wheat requires clay loam or loam with good texture,structure and moderate water holding capacity.Its better to avoid very porous and excessively drained soils.

Soil pH

Wheat requires a neutral pH 6.0 – 7.0, whereas soil with both high and a low pH can affect the growth and the yield of the crop.

Conclusion

Wheat is a hardy crop that is grown across the country.Wheat is a major staple crop, giving a high return to farmers.

FAQs

Suggest some popular varieties of wheat?

States	Varieties
Uttar Pradesh	DBW 16, DBW 17, DBW 252, PBW 502, PBW 343, WH 542, UP 2554, PDW 291, GW 366, HI 8381, HD 8627
Rajasthan	Raj 1482, Raj 3077, Raj 3765, Raj 3777, Raj 4037, Raj 4083, Raj 4079, DBW 222, DBW 296, DBW 327
Punjab	Unnat PBW 343, Unnat PBW 550, PBW 725, PBW 677, HD 3086, PBW 660, DBW 222
Haryana	DBW 222, DDW 47, Karan Vandana (DBW 187), WB 2, DBW 110

How long should pre-soaking be done for wheat seeds?

It could be soaked for 8 – 12 hours.

3. How to do seed treatment for wheat to prevent smut?

Treat the seeds with Carbendazim or Thiram at 2g/kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing.

What is the general dose of fertilizer recommendation for wheat?

The fertilizer recommendation dose for wheat is 32:16:16 kg/acre. The commercial quantity for field application is listed in the table below,

Nutrient	Fertilizers	General Dose (per acre)
Organic	FYM or Compost	5 ton
N	Urea (or)	70 kg
N	Ammonium Sulphate	155 kg
P	Single Super Phosphate (SSP) (or)	101 kg
P	Double Super Phosphate (DSP)	51 kg
K	Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)	27 kg
K	Sulphate of Potash	32 kg
Zn (For Zinc deficient soil)	ANSHUL ZINC EDTA-FS (ZN 12%) micronutrient	Foliar application: 0.5 – 1 g/l Soil application: 10 kg

What is the pre-emergence herbicide used to control weeds in wheat field?

Spray BACF PLOD HERBICIDE (Pendimethalin 30% EC) – 1000 ml/acre as a pre-emergence herbicide for one acre of wheat crop at 0-3 days after sowing.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparation for Elaichi

By

Sathya G

-

December 30, 2022

0

Cardamom, known as the ‘Queen of Spices’ originated in the Western Ghats, India. It is one of the most highly-priced spices in the world. India is the second largest producer of cardamom, following Guatemala and exports about 15,000 tons of it to various countries. Major cardamom-growing states in India include Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. It is a perennial crop, characterized by its dried pod with seeds. It is a long-duration crop, where the crop will stand for at least 5 years. Cardamom is also used in food preservation.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

There are many varieties of cardamom, however, there are two major kinds i.e Sri Lanka and Elettaria cardamomum Maton. The minor ones are Mysore, Malabar and “Vazhukka”. Cardamom hybrid popular varieties are ICRI 1, 2, 3; TDK 4 & 11; PV 1, CCS 1 Madhugiri 1 & 2; NCC 200; MCC 12, 16 &40; RR1.

Elachi Seed Treatment

Elachi is propagated through suckers or clippings. Elachi can also be propagated with seeds. The seeds are treated with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid for 20 minutes. The seeds are then washed in demineralised water. The seeds are then dried in a shade area and then sown.

Nursery Bed Preparation for Elaichi

Elaichi suckers are propagated with spacing 1.8 m x 0.6 m (6800 plants/ha of clonal nursery). Elaichi is propagated usually in polythene bags. The nursery is cultivated in the shade provided by erecting overhead pandals. The seedlings are planted in 20 x 20 cm polybags. The seedlings are transplanted at the age of 18-22 months..

Land Preparations for Elaichi

The land is ploughed three to four times. At the time of the last ploughing, apply compost 12 t/ha; 35:35:75 kg/ha NPK. The pits are dug in 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm size and filled with compost and topsoil. Cardamom is usually a rainfed crop, however,irrigation is provided using sprinklers. The sprinklers are used especially during the summer months. The spacing for the saplings for larger varieties is 2.5 x 2.0 m and for smaller varieties, it is 2.0 x 1.5 m. Elaichi is usually planted and cultivated in the hilly regions. Therefore contour must be done for sloppy areas.

Soil Type Requirements for Elaichi

Cardamom is a wild crop and therefore grows best in forest loamy soil with good drainage. Cardamom grows best in acidic soil with a pH range of 5.0 – 6.5.

Conclusion

Cardamom is one of the most expensive spices. Cardamom though can’t be cultivated easily, it can promise a return for the labour and other cost. Cardamom doesn’t require much maintenance or water. Cardamom, once in a stable growth phase, can take care of itself and will reap profits.

FAQs

Suggest some popular varieties of Elaichi/Cardamom.

Sri Lanka and Elettaria cardamomum Maton are the major kinds.

What are the popular hybrid varieties of Cardamom?

ICRI 1, 2, 3; TDK 4 & 11; PV 1, CCS 1, Madhugiri 1 & 2; NCC 200; MCC 12, 16 & 40; RR1 are some popular hybrids.

What is the method of cardamom propagation?

It is propagated through suckers or clippings. It can also be propagated with seeds.

Is cardamom a rainfed or irrigated crop?

Cardamom is usually cultivated as rainfed crop. It is found to grow well in areas where the annual rainfall ranges from 1500 – 4000 m, provided the rainfall is well distributed.

What is the spacing for the seedings?

The spacing for the seeds of larger varieties is 2.5 m x 2.0 m and for smaller varieties, it is 2.0 m x 1.5 m.

How is Cardamom planted- Direct sown/Transplanted?

It is usually propagated in polybags and then transplanted at the age of 18 – 22 months.

What is the Fertilizer recommendation for Elaichi?

The general dose of fertilizer recommended for Cardamom/Elaichi is 30:30:61 kg/acre. The commercial quantity to be applied in the field is given in the table below.

Nutrient	Fertilizers	General Dose (per acre)
Organic	FYM or Compost	5 kg/plant
N	Urea (or)	66 kg
N	Ammonium Sulphate	145 kg
P	Rock Phosphate	250 kg
P	Single Super Phosphate (SSP)	189 kg
K	Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)	101 kg
K	Sulphate of Potash	121 kg

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparation for Mustard

By

Sathya G

-

December 29, 2022

0

There are three kinds of mustard: brown, black and white. The most popular one is the black mustard. There has been a production of 109.50 lakh tonnes of mustard in the year 2020-2021 in India. Rajasthan is India’s largest mustard producer. The top five mustard producers are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Gujarat and West Bengal. In India 60-65% of its domestic demand is for oil consumption. In the year 2020-2021 the country’s mustard oil production was 13 million tonnes.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Selection of Seeds

There are wide varieties of mustard available in the market. There are NRCDR 02, NRCDR 601, NRCHB 101, DRMRIJ 31, DRMR150-35, NRCYS 05-02, Toria, Brown Saron, Varuna, Shekhar, Vaibhav, Vardhan, Rohini, Rohani, Kranti, Krishna, Vardan, Vaibhav, Narendra, Rai-8501, Kiran, Hayala PVC (9-22-1), Rai Varuna, T- 36 (Yellow), ITSA, Sangam, TL 15, Bhavani, T -36, PT 303, PT 30, Gaurani (B54), 18-2-9, PT 507, D. K 1, and T 9 (Black).

Mustard Seed Treatment

The mustard seeds must be treated with thiram at 3 grams per kg. The seeds also need to be soaked and stored in the dark for 24 hours.

Land Preparations for Mustard

Mustard is best cultivated during winter months. The field should be properly cleaned without any weeds and clods. One hectare of land requires 5-6 kg of seeds. The basal dose of nutrients for a hectare is 25 tons of FYM, 25kg of Nitrogen, and 60 kg of Phosphorus. The land needs to be plowed at least twice. There are two ways of sowing the seeds, the seeds could be broadcasted or the unconventional method of drilling.

The field needs to be irrigated before sowing. The field also needs 45 kg of N, 35 kg of P2O5 and 25 kg K2O. All the nutrients should be applied at least four days before sowing.

Soil Type Requirements for Mustard

Mustard is a crop that can be grown in various types of soil. Mustard, however, grows best in loamy soil with good drainage to avoid water logging. Mustard also grows best in neutral pH soil to slightly alkaline soil that ranges from 6.0 to 7.5.

Conclusion

Mustard is one of the oldest crops that is cultivated in the country. There are various ways of traditional cultivation that are still practised. Mustard is an easy crop to be grown. It is one of the best crops to cultivate for a beginning farmer. Mustard oil, has an added benefit to the ease of cultivation, is always in high demand.

FAQs

What are the popular varieties of Mustard?

States	Varieties/Hybrid
Uttar Pradesh	Pioneer 45S46, PT303, Bhawani, PT30, Pusa Kalyani, Varuna, K88, Shekhar, Vaibhav, Vardhan, Rohini
Rajasthan	Albeli-1, PBR-357, RGN-298, RH-725, RH-761, GSC-7, Pusa mustard 25 (NPJ 112)
Madhya Pradesh	Surabhi Black (Rise Agro), Raj Vijay Toria 1, RVM1, Jwala Tara (RTM-1355)

Which is the ideal season for Mustard cultivation?

Winter months (Oct – Jan) are best for mustard cultivation.

What is the seed rate for mustard?

One acre of land requires 4 – 5 kg of seeds.

How much kg of fertilizer will be needed to apply for Mustard crop?

Mustard grows well in both rainfed and irrigated areas.

The fertilizer recommendation dose for irrigated mustard is 24:16:16 kg/acre and rainfed mustard is 12:8:8 kg/acre. The commercial quantity for field application is listed in the table below:

Nutrient	Fertilizer	Irrigated (per acre)	Rainfed (per acre)
Organic	FYM	10 ton	10 ton
N	Urea or	53 kg	26 kg
N	Ammonium Sulphate	117 kg	58 kg
P	Single Super Phosphate (SSP) or	101 kg	51 kg
P	Double Super Phosphate (DSP)	51 kg	25 kg
K	Muriate of Potash (MOP)	27 kg	14 kg
K	Sulphate of Potash (SOP)	32 kg	16.2 kg
Zn (For Zn deficient soil)	ANSHUL ZINC EDTA-FS (ZN 12%) micronutrient	Foliar application: 0.5 – 1 g/l Soil application:10 kg	Foliar application: 0.5 – 1 g/l Soil application:10 kg
B (For B deficient soil)	ALLBOR Boron 20%	Foliar spray: 1 g/l	Foliar spray: 1 g/l

How is the seed treatment done for mustard?

Treat the seeds with Vitavax powder (Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS – 3 gm/kg) of seed prior to sowing.

What is the sowing method for mustard?

Mustard is usually sown by line sowing or broadcasting. Use of seed drill for sowing purpose is an alternative method.

What is the optimum sowing time for mustard?

It can be sown in Mid-October to end of October.

What is the difference between rapeseed and mustard?

The different ecotypes of Brassica campestris are yellow sarson, brown sarson and toria, collectively called rapeseed. Brassica juncea is a distinct species which is called Indian mustard or rai or raya. Oil content in rapeseed ranges from 40 – 46% and mustard ranges from 33 – 40%. Rapeseed seeds are small, light brown in colour with thin seed coat while mustard seeds are bold, round, reddish brown in colour with thick seed coat.

What is the pre-emergence herbicide used for mustard to control weeds?

Spray pre-emergence herbicide BACF PLOD (30% EC Pendimethalin) at 1000 ml/acre.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparation for Turmeric

By

Sathya G

-

December 29, 2022

0

India exported 11.02 lakh tonnes of turmeric in the year 2020 – 21. Indian turmeric is said to have high curcumin levels and thus is in high demand. According to ayurveda, high curcumin has a natural cancer-prevention property. According to WebMed “Turmeric is used for arthritis, heartburn (dyspepsia), stomach pain, diarrhea, intestinal gas, stomach bloating, jaundice, liver problems and gallbladder disorders.”

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

There are various varieties of turmeric that are available in the market. Some of the popular varieties are Amruthapani, Armoor, Duggirala, Tekurpeta, Pattant, Deshi, Moovattupuzha, Wynad, Rajapore, Karhadi, Waigon, Chinnanadan, Perianada, Co 1, BSR 1, Roma, Swarna, Sudarshana, Suguna, Sugandham, BSR 2, Ranga, Rashmi, Rajendra Sonia, Krishna, Suroma, Allepy finger turmeric (AFT), IISR Prabha, IISR Prathiba, IISR Alleppey Supreme and IISR Kedaram.

Turmeric Seed Treatment

Turmeric is propagated through rhizome. The seed rhizomes are cut into small pieces and then dipped in Dimethoate 30% EC 2 ml/lit or Monocrotophos 36 WSC 1.5 ml/lit and 0.3% Copper oxychloride (3 gm/lit water) for 30 minutes. An alternative treatment option is to treat the seeds with Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg and Trichoderma viride as 4 gm/ Kg.

Land Preparations For Turmeric

The main field is ploughed four times, each time with a chisel and disc plough and twice with a cultivator. This is proceeded by the formation of ridges and furrows at intervals of 45 cm (or) raised beds of 120 cm width are formed with space of 30 cm and the laterals are placed at the center of each bed. Depending upon soil moisture level, the beds are wetted for 8-12 hours through drip irrigation.

During the last ploughing 25 t /ha of FYM, neem or groundnut cake – 200 kg/ha, 25:60:108 kg of NPK per ha; 30 kg of FeSO4 and 15 kg of ZnSO4, 10 kg in each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria per hectare to be applied at the time of planting.

Soil Type Requirements

Turmeric grows best in friable well drained red loamy soil under tropical conditions. It can be grown best in regions where there is an annual rainfall of 1500 mm.

Conclusion

Turmeric is a hard crop to grow and requires a lot of tending to. Turmeric, however, is a high-demand crop. There is always a demand and it is a highly exported crop. Turmeric also has a long shelf life period, therefore can be stored for a long time.

FAQs

What are the popular varieties of Turmeric ?

States	Varieties
Tamil Nadu	CO1, BSR 1, BSR 2, Erode local, Allepey, Salem local
Karnataka	Kasturi, Mundaga, Balaga, Yalachaga
Andhra Pradesh	Duggirala, Kodur type, Tekurpet, Sugantham, Kasturi, Kesar, Red Guntur, Pragathi
Maharashtra	Sangli, Rajapore
Telangana	Roma, Suroma, Rajendrasonia, Ranga, Pragathi, Armor

What is the recommended dose of fertilizers for turmeric ?

The general dose of fertilizer recommendation for turmeric is 24:20:49 kg/acre. The commercial quantity for field application is listed in the table below:

Nutrient	Fertilizers	General Dose (per acre)
Organic	FYM	12 – 16 ton
Organic	Neem/Groundnut cake	0.8 ton
N	Urea (or)	27 kg
N	Ammonium Sulphate	62 kg
P	Di Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)	63 kg
K	Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)	82 kg
K	Sulphate of Potash	98 kg
Zn (For Zinc deficient soil)	Zinc Micronutrient Fertilizer (Z3) [For foliar application] ZINC SULPHATE (For soil application)	Foliar spray: 0.5 – 1 gm/l Soil application: 10 kg
Fe	SHAMROCK IRON (FERROUS) CHELATED MICRONUTRIENT FERTILIZER (For Foliar spray) FERROUS SULPHATE (For soil application)	Foliar spray: 1 g/litre Soil application: 10 kg

By which method turmeric rhizomes are planted ?

They are planted by formation of ridges and furrows at intervals of 45 cm or raised beds of 120 cm width are formed with space of 30 cm and the laterals are placed at the center of each bed.

(Rhizome – a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure)

How to do seed treatment for turmeric ?

The seed rhizomes should be cut into small pieces and dip in Dimethoate 30% EC (TAFGOR insecticide – 2ml/lit) and Copper oxychloride (Blue Copper Fungicide – 3 gm/lit water) for 30 minutes. It can also be treated with Pseudomonas fluorescens (Spot Bio-fungicide 0.5% WP – 10 gm/1 kg seed) and Tricoderma Viride (PIONEER AGRO TRICHODERMA VIRIDE BIO FUNGICIDE – 250 ml/acre),

(Note: Biofungicide and chemical fungicide are incompatible., therefore they should not be mixed together)

What is the ideal soil type for turmeric cultivation ?

Turmeric will grow best in friable well drained red loamy soil under tropical conditions.

What is the ideal time to plant turmeric ?

Turmeric can be planted during May-June with the receipt of pre-monsoon showers.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advisde to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparation for Ginger

By

Sathya G

-

December 28, 2022

0

India produced 21.20 lakh tons of ginger in the year 2021-22. In the same year, India also exported 1.48 lakh tons of ginger worth Rs 837.34 crores. Prominent ginger-producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Kerala, Maharashtra and Meghalaya. Ginger can be used for cold, cough, vomiting, dizziness, hypertension, and impaired vision problems. In Indian traditional ayurvedic medicine ginger has been used to treat digestion, fever and stomach diseases.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

There are more native and traditional varieties than hybrid and GMO varieties. Some of the popular varieties are, IISR Suprabha, Suruchi, Surabhi, Himagiri, China, Assam, Maran, Himachal, Nadia, and Rio-de-Janeiro.

Ginger Seed Treatment

Ginger is cultivated via tuber/rhizomes. These rhizomes are also known as seed rhizomes. These rhizomes are cut into small pieces of 2.5-5.0 cm in length weighing 20-25 g each. Carefully, make sure that there are at least two or three good buds in each piece. These ginger seed rhizomes are treated with mancozeb 0.3% (3 g/L of water) for 30 minutes, and shade dried for 3 – 4 hours. This is to prevent any fungal infection that may be present in the rhizomes and can affect the growth of the bud.

Land Preparations for Ginger

The land preparation of ginger starts by ploughing the land 4 to 5 times to a fine tilth. During the last plough add well-composted cattle manure or compost at 25-30 tonnes/ha. This is followed by the preparation of beds at 1m width and 30 cm height with 50 cm space in between beds. Rhizomes are prone to diseases/nematodes which reduce the yield significantly. This can be combated by the use of neem cake @ 2 tonnes/ha at the time of planting. Ginger crop basal NPK recommendation varies from state to state, a general recommendation is NPK 100:50:50 kg/ha. The phosphorus and the potassium have to be applied during planting.

Soil Type Requirements for ginger

Ginger requires very specific types of soil necessities. Ginger can also not be grown in the same soil year after year, due to its exhaustive nature. Ginger grows best in sandy loam, clay loam, red loam or lateritic loam. A pulverulent loam with good drainage that is also rich in humus is ideal.

Soil pH for Ginger Production

Ginger grows best in deep and loose soil with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5.

Conclusion

Ginger is an exhaustive crop that can’t be cultivated repeatedly. The crop is hard to grow and is a long-duration crop. Ginger, however, is a high-demand crop even without value addition and gives promising returns.

FAQs

Suggest some popular varieties of ginger?

States	Varieties
Madhya Pradesh	Ing Makhir, Nadia
Karnataka	Karakkal, Suprabha, Wayanad
Tamil Nadu	Rio-de-Jeneiro, Maran, Nadia
Andhra Pradesh	Narsipatnam, Siddipet, Tuni
Kerala	Wynad local, Ernad, Kuruppamadi, Thoduphuza

How to do seed treatment for ginger rhizomes?

The rhizomes are cut into small pieces of 2.5-5.0 cm in length weighing 20-25 g each. There should be at least two or three good buds in each piece. These ginger seed rhizomes are treated with Mancozeb (Dhanuka M45 – Mancozeb 75% WP 4 – 5 gm/lit) for 30 minutes, and shade dried for 3-4 hours. This is to prevent any fungal infection that may be present in the rhizomes.

(Rhizome – a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure)

What is the general dose of fertilizer recommendation for ginger?

General dose of fertilizer recommendation for ginger is 30:20:20 kg/acre. The commercial quantity of it is mentioned in the table below.

Nutrient	Fertilizers	General Dose (per acre)
Organic	FYM/compost	11 – 13 ton
Organic	Neem cake	0.8 ton
N	Urea (or)	66 kg
N	Ammonium Sulphate	148 kg
P	Single Super Phosphate (SSP) (or)	126 kg
P	Double Super Phosphate (DSP)	63 kg
K	Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)	34 kg
K	Sulphate of Potash	40 kg
Zn (For Zinc deficient soil)	Zinc Micronutrient Fertilizer (Z3)	Foliar spray: 0.5 – 1 gm/l Soil application: 10 kg

What is the ideal soil type for ginger cultivation?

It grows best in sandy loam, clay loam, red loam or lateritic loam. A pulverulent loam with good drainage, rich in humus is ideal type.

In which month ginger is mostly planted?

Ginger is a rainfed crop. It is cultivated dependent on the rainfall. May-June month after summer rain is highly suitable for cultivation.

6. What is the crop duration of ginger?

The crop duration is generally around 8 – 9 months (April/May to December/January).

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Suggest some popular varities of Ginger

State	Varities
Madhya Pradesh	Ing Makhir, Nadia
Karnataka	Karakkal, Suprabha, Wayanad
Tamil Nadu	Rio-de-Jeneiro, Maran, Nadia
Andhra Pradesh	Narsipatnam, Siddipet, Tuni
Kerala	Wynad local, Ernad, Kuruppamadi, Thoduphuza

How to do seed treatment for ginger rhizomes?

The rhizomes are cut into small pieces of 2.5-5.0 cm in length weighing 20-25 g each. There should be at
least two or three good buds in each piece. These ginger seed rhizomes are treated with Mancozeb (Dhanuka
M45 – Mancozeb 75% WP 4 – 5 gm/lit) for 30 minutes, and shade dried for 3-4 hours. This is to prevent any
fungal infection that may be present in the rhizomes. (Rhizome – a horizontal plant stem with shoots above
and roots below serving as a reproductive structure)

What is the general dose of fertilizer recommendation for
ginger?

General dose of fertilizer recommendation for ginger is 30:20:20 kg/acre. The commercial quantity of
it is mentioned in the table below.

Nutrient	Fertilizers	General Dose (per acre)
Organic	FYM/compost	11 – 13 ton
	Neem cake	0.8 ton
N	Urea (or)	66 kg
	Ammonium Sulphate	148 kg
P	Single Super Phosphate (SSP) (or)	126 kg
K	Double Super Phosphate (DSP)	63 kg
	Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)	34 kg
Zn For Zinc deficient soil	Sulphate of Potash	40 kg
Zinc Micronutrient Fertilizer (Z3)	Foliar spray: 0.5 – 1 gm/lSoil application: 10 kg

What is the ideal soil type for ginger cultivation?

It grows best in sandy loam, clay loam, red loam or lateritic loam. A pulverulent loam with good
drainage, rich in humus is ideal type.

In which month ginger is mostly planted?

Ginger is a rainfed crop. It is cultivated dependent on the rainfall. May-June month after summer rain
is highly suitable for cultivation.

What is the crop duration of ginger?

The crop duration is generally around 8 – 9 months (April/May to December/January).

Unboxing Neptune Battery-operated Knapsack Garden Sprayer

By

Rakshitha HR

-

December 24, 2022

0

The Neptune BS 13 battery-operated knapsack sprayer comes with a 16 L capacity tank made of polyethene plastic. It can stay longer with no corrosion from the solvents used inside. The whole package will have a battery sprayer, a lance, a pipe and charger each, a belt and one set of nozzles as well as a user manual.

Features Of Sprayer

The weight of its tank is 7.4 kg with a dimension of 38 x 48 x 20 cm.
The battery charges for 6 hours and has an equal working time of up to 5-6 hours, spending upon the usage.
The battery capacity is 12 Ah and works at 12V.
The pressure of the sprayer is adjustable between 0.2 and 0.45 Pa. suitable for a low to medium spraying task.
You may use it for agriculture, horticulture and other areas as well.

Assembling the Sprayer

Connect the hose pipe to the sprayer outlet located at the bottom of the tank.
The other end of the hose is attached to the trigger that has the controlling switch.
The trigger is then connected with the lance provided. You can extend this lance as required.
Choose one of the nozzles provided and connect it to the end of the lance. Each nozzle has a different purpose, so you need to choose them carefully.
Before filling in the tank, use the filter to keep the liquid free of debris that can block the nozzles.
The battery must be charged fully before you can use it. The charging socket is at the bottom and you need to detach the charging wire before usage.
Once these are done, close the lid properly and strap the equipment on your back for use.

Conclusion

Since there is no warranty cover for this equipment you must check the product carefully once it is delivered. In case of any defects, you must inform the company within 10 days of delivery.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Selection of Seeds

Onion Seed Treatment

Nursery Bed Preparation for Onions

Land Preparations for Onion

Soil Type Requirements for Onion

Soil pH for Onion Production

Conclusion

FAQs

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

Coffee Seed Treatment

Nursery Bed Preparation for Coffee

Land Preparation for Coffee

Soil Type Requirements for Coffee

Conclusion

FAQs

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

Rose Planting Materials & Seed Treatment

Nursery Bed Preparation for Rose

Land Preparations for Rose

Soil Type Requirements for Rose

Conclusion

FAQs

Difficulty Level: Medium

Selection of Seeds

Watermelon Seed Treatment

Nursery Bed Preparation for Watermelon

Land Preparations for Watermelon

Soil Type Requirements for Watermelon

Conclusion

FAQs

Difficulty Level: Hard

Seed Selection and Seed Treatment for Wheat

Pre-soaking of seeds: (Time taken)

Seed Treatment: Wheat

Nursery Bed Preparation for Wheat

Land Preparations for wheat

Soil Type Requirements for wheat

Soil pH

Conclusion

FAQs

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

Elachi Seed Treatment

Nursery Bed Preparation for Elaichi

Land Preparations for Elaichi

Soil Type Requirements for Elaichi

Conclusion

FAQs

Difficulty Level: Medium

Selection of Seeds

Mustard Seed Treatment

Land Preparations for Mustard

Soil Type Requirements for Mustard

Conclusion

FAQs

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

Turmeric Seed Treatment

Land Preparations For Turmeric

Soil Type Requirements

Conclusion

FAQs

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

Ginger Seed Treatment

Land Preparations for Ginger

Soil Type Requirements for ginger

Soil pH for Ginger Production

Conclusion

FAQs

Features Of Sprayer

Assembling the Sprayer

Conclusion

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