Papaya Ring spot Virus is one of the most destructive infections which is mainly spread by mechanical activities through the sap.

Papaya Ring Spot Virus Symptoms

The greenish mosaic pattern on leaves can also be distorted with reduced leaf area. Fruits and flowers may drop. Patches appear on the fruits as well with some bumps on them due to nutrient deficiency. The characteristic ring spots are seen on the fruits.

Preventive Measures

The most effective preventive measure is vector control using insecticides and micronutrient sprays. Spreading plastic silver-coloured mulch is another way of their management. Water-soaked oil patches appear on petioles. Using resistant or clean seedlings is another ideal option for prevention.

Papaya Ring Spot Virus Chemical Control

• Prokissan – Micronutrient Mixture is a nutrient mix that contains chelated forms of copper, zinc, manganese, and iron. It also has non-chelated forms of boron and molybdenum. They help the crops rectify their deficiency symptoms, reduce environmental stress and thereby improve the overall yield and quality of the crops. It is suitable for all crops and is diluted at 1 gm in one litre of water. Spray at 25-30 days after transplantation, and 20 days after the first and second sprays.
• P4H V Guard- Bio Virucide is a natural formulation with extracts from Lantana, Boerhaavia, Acorus, and Bougainvillea, which have anti-viral properties. This liquid formulation should be diluted at 4 ml in one litre of water and at least 2 sprays at an interval of 6-8 days in between.
• Geolife No virus – Bio Viricide: This is another bioproduct with plant extracts that act against the virus. It can protect plants and also improve their natural resistance against infections. It contains a combination of herbal extracts that has an immediate effect on the virus and is safe for plants. With proper usage, it can help improve crop quality and yield. They have stomatal entry into the plants and open the blocked vascular tissues and nullify the viral effects. It can be effective for 15 days from application. Dilute this formula at 3-5 ml in one litre of water and spray on the plants.

List of Viricides to control Papaya Ring Spot Virus

Conclusion

Antiviral sprays can be used as a preventive and curative measure. For curative measure, it should be sprayed at an interval of 4 days for the first two sprays and later for a gap of 10-15 days. Adding proper micronutrients to the plant is also essential.

Explore further into papaya cultivation practices that ensure a bountiful harvest by clicking here.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Leaf curl virus or geminivirus is a common microbe attacking crops such as chilli that cause major damage to the plants and their yield. They can be controlled via cultural practices and preventive measures. Here are some tips that can help you get some control over this virus and protect your crops.

Symptoms

Curling of the leaf margins towards the midrib is the most distinctive symptom. The leaves can be deformed and stem with shortened internodes leading to stunted growth. The flower buds could abscise or with no pollens.

Preventive Measures

Since this is a viral disease there are not many effective preventive measures. But some cultural practices and other mechanical methods are capable of keeping the virus away to an extent.

• Completely eliminate the affected plants by either burning or burying them deep under the soil.
• Do not do monoculture of chilli plants as it can escalate the infection.
• Use disease-free seeds and plant as much as possible and treat the seeds with fungicides before planting.
• Covering nursery beds using nylon can also reduce viral infections in the younger stage.

Chemical Control

• Tata Surplus Micronutrients Fertilizer contains all the necessary micronutrients to make the plant better resistant to infections. It promoted healthier growth of the plants and quality flowering and fruits as well. Mix 2 ml in one litre of water and apply 2-3 times at an interval of 25-30 days and 15 days.
• Sambrama Micronutrient Fertilizer comes with NPK in the required amount along with some secondary nutrients and micronutrients, mostly in chelated form. It comes in tablet form which you need to dissolve in 15 litres of water. Spray the mix on both sides of the leaves.
• Virimune is made of different plant extracts that help improve plant resistance, especially against leaf curl and yellow mosaic. The product naturally increases the immunity of the plant and makes it capable of resisting infections. It comes in liquid form. Add 3-4 ml of the liquid in one litre of water to spray it on the plants.

Conclusion

Viral infections such as leaf curl of chilli cannot be treated after infection. The only way is to make the plants resistant to such attacks. The best course is to provide all the necessary nutrients to improve natural immunity and thereby make the plants self-reliant.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Downy mildew is a type of fungal disease caused by water mould. This fungus can attack a variety of plants, specifically gourd crops. The affected plants could potentially cause economic loss to the farmers. Prevention is the key to controlling this disease as it can attack any part of the plant from flowers, leaves, fruits, etc.

Symptoms

• The upper surface of the leaves shows pale yellow or green coloured spots that later turn brown.
• Even though angular leaf spot is often mistaken to be this fungal disease, there is very little difference between these.
• Downy mildew is more prevalent in wet and humid conditions. It can spread by air, water splashes and even through human hands and gardening tools.

Preventive Measures

• Use resistant varieties of the plants wherever possible and buy the plants and seeds only from reputed nurseries.
• Scout the affected plants immediately and pack them in plastic bags and drop them in thrash. Do not use such plants in the compost pile.
• Remove moisture by allowing more air circulation. Timely pruning can make way for better air circulation.
• Do not water the plants from the top. Instead, use irrigation methods that water the roots rather than the leaves.

Chemical Control

• Melody Duo Fungicide contains Iprovalicarb and Propineb to prevent disease and promote healthy yield. It can act on several fungal strains and is compatible with young leaves and shoots to prevent spore formation by the fungus. Mix 3-4 gm in one litre of water.
• Curzate Fungicide contains the active ingredients cymoxanil and mancozeb that has the dual action of systemic and contact methods. It is effective even after three days of infection and eliminates the fungus. Dilute it 2 to 2.5 gm per litre of water and apply it at an interval of 5-7 days and 20 days for the third dose.
• Acrobat Complete Fungicide is made of Metiram and Dimethomorph affects the lipid membrane and cell wall of the fungi. You can dilute up to 4 gm in one litre of water depending on the severity of the infection.
• Folio Gold Fungicide is made of Metalaxyl and has a contact and systemic action. It prevents fungal buildup which is effective at a dilution of 1.5-2 ml per litre or 300- 400 ml per acre.

Conclusion

Always discard the affected plants after removal for effective prevention. We hope that this information will be helpful for you. To get all kinds of information related to such crops visit our website  https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/ or give a missed call on our toll free number 1800 3000 2434.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Brinjal Shoot And Fruit Borer is a common pests affecting the fruits and causing damage to up to 30-50% of the fruits. The eggs of this pest will be white, larvae pink, pups look greyish and the adult pest appears black and brown with white dots. Here are some methods that you can use to manage these infestations.

Brinjal Shoot And Fruit Borer Symptoms

The most common symptom of brinjal shoot and fruit borer is withered terminal shoots and dried leaves. They make holes in the affected parts and the fruits will have excreta of the pests. The flower buds affected will be shed prematurely.

Brinjal Shoot And Fruit Borer Preventive Measures

• Removing the affected terminal leaves with boreholes is one of the most effective preventive measures to reduce infestation.
• Moreover, the removed leaves and fruits must be destroyed properly.
• You must also avoid continuous cultivation of brinjal.
• In the endemic areas, choose the long and narrow varieties.

Brinjal Shoot And Fruit Borer Chemical Control

• Solomon insecticide is an oil suspension containing Imidacloprid and Beta- Cyfluthrin that acts in systemic and contact methods on a wide variety of insects and affects their nervous system It shows antifeeding properties and is highly effective even in small doses. The recommended dosage is 0.35 to 0.4 ml in 1 liter of water.
• Cover insecticide contains anthranilic diamide which has a unique mode of action that works on the ryanodine receptors to cause muscle contraction and paralysis. It is more effective via ingestion than contact. This broad-spectrum insecticide shows longer effects and protects the plants. The dosage required is 0.4 ml per liter of water.
• Tracer insecticide is of the naturalyte class and the first of its kind. It contains Spinosad produced via fermentation of Saccharopolyspora spinosa and affects the acetylcholine receptor modulator of the pests. It is required in very less dosage at 0.35 – 0.4 ml per liter of water.
• Marshal insecticide works as a stomach poison and by contact with pests. It can ward off those sucking parasites and act on a wide variety of insects. The main ingredient here is Carbosulfan. The required dosage is 2 ml per liter of water and apply it every 5 days for better effects.

Conclusion

As effective as the insecticides are, it is better not to use them during the fruiting period and at the time of harvest. Its application can affect the quality of the yield. We hope that this information will be helpful to you. To get all kinds of information related to such crops visit our website  https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/ or give a missed call on our toll-free number 1800 3000 2434.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Tuta absoluta is a highly damaging pest on tomato plants that affect their food production. It is also known as the South American tomato pinworm and tomato leafminer. In this growing concern regarding its infestation, it is necessary to identify the most effective measures to tackle this issue and improve crop production.

Tuta Absoluta in Tomato Symptoms

The pest causes the leaves to become abnormal in shape and get puncture marks on their surfaces. Appearances of blotch-shaped mines are also common. The infested fruits will get holes on their surfaces, causing loss and rejection in the market. In severe infestations, the overall yield will also be reduced.

Tuta Absoluta in Tomato Preventive Measures

• Make sure to thoroughly plough the land to reduce infestations.
• Crop rotation with resistance plants will be another effective method.
• Regularly remove the infested leaves so that they do not affect the other leaves and remove the pests promptly.

Chemical Control

• Benevia insecticide is an oil dispersion formula under the anthranilic diamide group. The active ingredient Cyazypyr active makes an effective foliar spray for the early stages of plant growth. This will ensure fewer infestations and proper development. It acts on the pests by contact and ingestion and will kill them within 3-6 days of contact. Dilute it at 2ml per litre of water.
• Vayego insecticide is an antifeedant effective on all stages of the pest from eggs to adult forms. It reduces fruit damage and improves yield. The active ingredient is Tetraniliprole which is an ideal choice for insecticide-resistant pests. The dilution ratio is 0.5 ml in one litre of water.
• Caldan SP insecticide is another option that is effective against all stages of pests. Being a part of the Nereistoxin analogue group, the insecticide acts through contact, systemic, as well as stomach methods. It controls the biting and chewing of pests. The recommended dosage is 2 gm of the powder mixed in one litre of water.
• Abacin insecticide shows a strong translaminar effect through contact and ingestion. This natural product is safe for mammals as it contains Abamectin. This is a broad-spectrum insecticide as well as a miticide. Use it after dilution of 1 ml in one litre of water.

Tuta Absoluta in Tomato Conclusion

Since it is difficult to find disease resistant tomato plants, regular care for the plants and effective use of insecticides are the only and best methods to control Tuta absoluta.We hope that this information will be helpful for you. To get all kinds of information related to such crops visit our website  https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/ or give a missed call on our toll free number 1800 3000 2434.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Leafhopper or Indian cotton jassid is a common pest affecting several types of crops in India. Its nymph appears in translucent green colour with no wings and is seen between the veins under the leaf. The adult pests are green and wedged. Here is some more information about its infestation in cotton and how to control them.

Leaf Hopper in Cotton Symptoms

The tender leaves become yellowish and their margins will curl downwards. Severe infestation leads to reddening of the leaves or becoming bronze coloured, which is called hopper burning. The curled leaf margins will be crumbled and broken, leaving the leaves dry which affects the growth of the plants.

Leaf Hopper in Cotton Preventive Measures

• Choosing resistant varieties is the primary preventive measure.
• Crop rotation by choosing this species that can resist these pests will be the other way of reducing leafhopper infestations.
• The third method is to choose the most favourable growth period for the plant, especially April-May so that it can easily resist the infestation and does not majorly impact the growth.

Leaf Hopper in Cotton Chemical Control

• Regent insecticide helps promote healthy flowering as well as the maturity of the plants which will increase the yields. It helps the plants to be greener, increases the overall leaf surface areas and promotes height increase. The plants will develop better root systems and more tillers that are productive. The dosage is 1.5 ml in one litre of water and is sprayed onto the leaves.
• Lancer gold insecticide is a combination of two systemic insecticides in powdered form. The main ingredients here are Acephate 500 and Imidacloprid 1.8 % SP which are readily soluble in water and are easily absorbed by the plants. It is effective against many sucking and chewing insects. The pests are controlled by contact and are effective against many insects including leafhoppers. The dilution ratio is 2 gm in one litre of water.
• Alika insecticide is an effective insecticide with the dual action of contact and contact & systemic to eliminate the pests. The active ingredients here are Lambda-cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam which can control the pests and improve the growth and development of the plants with better foliage and more branches. The recommended dosage is 0.5 ml per litre of water or use 80 ml per acre.

Conclusion

Leafhoppers in cotton can be controlled with early preventive measures and regular use of insecticides mentioned here. We hope that this information will be helpful for you. To get all kinds of information related to such crops visit our website  https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/ or give a missed call on our toll free number 1800 3000 2434.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.