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Management of Cut worms in Chilli

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Cutworms are greasy larvae that are black in colour with pale dorsal stripes making them distinctive. They are usually found in the soil but some species feed on the seedlings and newly transplanted plants that are in the soil level.

Cutworms in ChilliSymptoms

Cutworms in chilli plants leave the tender leaves with irregular holes, cut in them, or cause the stems to be cut at the ground level. The worms come out at night to feed and go back under the soil during day time. While doing so, they could drag the stem underground causing them to wilt.

Cutworms in Chilli Preventive Measures

The best preventive course is to plough the soil at least 3-5 weeks prior to planting to force the worms out of the soil. It will help its predators to catch hold of them as well. You must make sure to clear the weeds regularly and plant sunflower plants in between to attract the worms. Also, make sure to do tilling and remove all plant residue to leave the worms starving for a few weeks.

Chemical Control

  • EM 1 Insecticide is a multipurpose insecticide in a soluble granule form. It contains Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG that has translaminar action to act on the worms located on the lower side of the leaves. It works within 2 hours of application and can withstand rain for up to 4 hours. Use it at a dosage of 80 gm per acre.
  • Coragen Insecticide is a broad-spectrum insecticide more active as a larvicide. The chemical component here is Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % which offers long-term protection as well. Dilute this concentrated liquid at 0.4 ml/litre or 60 ml/acre.
  • Alika Insecticide is a mix of Lambda Cyhalothrin (9.5%) ZC and Thiamethoxam (12.6%) that work on sucking pests. It works by both contact and systemic methods. The dosage is 0.5 ml per litre of water or 80 ml per acre.
  • All Bata Royal Larvend is a biodegradable green insecticide made of parasitic microorganisms and live Entomopathogenic nematodes. Use it as a foliar spray for 7-10 days initially and 1-2 times a month after diluting it at a ratio of 2 ml per litre of water.

Conclusion

Cutworms usually attack the roots and shoot systems at ground level but during summer they may come up the plants and destroy leaves and other parts as well. Timely use of pesticides can control them effectively. We hope that this information will be helpful for you. To get all kinds of information related to crops visit our website  https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/ or give a missed call on our toll free number 1800 3000 2434.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Management of Diamondback Moth in Crucifers

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Diamondback Moth (DBM) in crucifers was initially found in Europe but is now common in America, Asia, Australia, etc. The moth is greyish-brown in colour with a protruding antenna. It has light-coloured diamond shapes on its back and thus the name Diamondback moth. These moths are weak fliers and cannot fly more than 2 m from the ground. These moths attack all types of cruciferous plants affecting their quality and preventing their head formation.

Symptoms

The larvae of the moth feed on the foliage on its lower surface causing the upper surface to look translucent. The plants end up having several such translucent spots and holes as the worms eat the leaf parts.

The moth larvae eat only the minor leaves but the adults feed on any or all parts of the plant. An excessive number of larvae and their increase in the feed may lead to a complete elimination of the foliage which leaves only the veins of these leaves. Sometimes, their caterpillars enter the produce making it unfit for consumption thus nullifying its value.

Preventive Measures

  • The primary preventive measure is to choose quality seeds and plant them in protected conditions.
  • Make sure to sow the seeds in a weed-free land and ensure proper maintenance to keep the weeds away.
  • Practices such as crop rotation, trap cropping, and intercropping will break the growth cycle of the moth and thus can reduce their invasion or repel them effectively.

Chemical Control

  • Keefun insecticide is Tolfenpyrad 15% EC and is highly effective against various insects including the Diamondback moth. It prevents the insects from biting, sucking, and chewing on the plant parts. You can dilute the solution in water at 1.5 – 2 ml of solution in 1 litre of water.
  • Cigna insecticide is technically 5.4% EC Lufenuron, a growth inhibitor against insects. It can inhibit chitin synthesis in case the moth comes in contact with the foliage. It is completely safe to use on cruciferous vegetables. The dilution proportion is 1.5-2 ml/litre of water.
  • Intrepid insecticide contains 10% Chlorfenapyr SC and is effective on a wide range of insects and mites. This can effectively control the invasion of moths on the underside of the leaves. The dilution ratio is 1.5 ml/litre of water.

Conclusion

These chemical controls are highly effective against even the resistant varieties of Diamondback moths. We have shared the right information with you to protect cabbage crop from diamond back moth pest. We hope that this information will be helpful for you. To get all kinds of information related to such crops visit our website  https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/ or give a missed call on our toll free number 1800 3000 2434.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Field Preparations for Cotton Crop

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Field Preparation for Cotton
Field Preparation for Cotton


India is one of the world’s largest cotton-producing country. India grows over 1.7 million hectares. India exports to over 159 countries. India export over 5.5 million bales of cotton. The annual national total demand for cotton for the year 2022 – 2023 is 351 lakhs bales. Cotton is majorly cultivated in Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Tripura. Gujarat is the highest producer of cotton in India.

Difficulty Level:

Medium

Selection of Seeds:

There are over 150 varieties of cotton available in India, some of the popular ones being RASI 773, RASI 776, ANKUR 555, BAYER 7172, BAYER 7272, US 51, NUZIVEEDU 9013, NUZIVEEDU BALWAN, SRIRAM 6588, KAVERI BULLET, GOLDI 333, Buri 1007, A.K.H. 081 and D.H.Y. 286. Rasi 773 produces big bolls of cotton with optimum height for the plant. This variety also has a high tolerance toward sucking pests.

Pre-soaking of Seeds:

Native cotton seed varieties need to be soaked for two to three hours minimum and imported varieties such as US varieties four to six hours.

Cotton Seed Treatment:

Before the cotton seeds treatment, the seeds are advised to be soaked in a mixture of water, mud, and cow dung for a uniform stand of plants.

  • Chemical Seed Treatment for Cotton:

Delinting is a necessary cotton seed treatment. To delint, take 1 kg of fuzzy seeds in a plastic bucket, and add H2SO4 concentrate at 100 ml/kg of seeds. Maintain a constant stirring with a wooden spoon for 2 – 3 minutes for uniform coverage and better treatment. The seeds will appear in a coffee brown color in about 3 minutes, immediately wash the seeds with cold water about 4 – 5 times. After washing all the seeds there is need to soak in water to remove any debris or floaters. Then wash the seed in 0.5% calcium chloride solution for 10 – 15 minutes for complete removal of acid in the seeds. The seeds that sink to the bottom can be used for sowing.

Delinted seeds in 2 grams of carbonized or 3 grams of mancozeb dissolved in 1 litre of water to help against seed-prone diseases. The slurry treatment is to soak the seeds in Captan at 2 grams per kg of delinted seed with 5 ml of water per kg of seed.

  • Bacterial Seed Treatment for Cotton:

Seed treatment for cotton has a variety of options to choose from. Azotobacter at 34 to 247 kg N/ha will help with nitrogen-fixing and inoculating seeds with other necessary bacterial strains. Like azotobacter, azospirillum is also micro aerophylic nitogen fixer. Azospirillum can reduce the nitrogen requirement by 25 – 30 %.

Field Preparations for Cotton:

  • Soil Type Requirements for Cotton:

Sandy loam

  • Soil pH:

Slightly acidic pH 5.5

Land Preparations for Cotton:

The field is harrowed twice in opposite directions and then disc-ploughed this loosens the soil. After the harrow, plough the land with chisel the soil with hard pan formation of 0.5m intervals.

Land preparation for cotton is prepared usually with sandy clayey loam soil mixed with 10 tons of FYM. Mix the seeds with 3 packets of Azospirillum (600 g/ha) and 3 packets (600 g/ha) of Phosphobacteria or 6 packets of Azophos(1200 g/ha). This way it’s sapling will have plenty of accessible nitrogen.

Conclusion:

Cotton is a hardy crop that is grown throughout the country. Cotton is a major cash crop that has promised a healthy return for the year 2022 – 23. Cotton although it requires proper care, is not a high-maintenance crop, unlike other cash crops.

FAQs 

  1. Suggest some popular cotton varieties?
States  Varieties/Hybrids 
Karnataka  Amruth Cotton Grow (growth promoter for cotton), EZEE Cotton – herbal crop health enhancer, CCH 999 BG II hybrid cotton, Mahyco Dhandev + MRC 7373 BG-II Cotton 
Tamil Nadu  Amruth Cotton Grow (growth promoter for cotton), Multiplex BTC for Cotton, Mahyco Dhandev + MRC 7373 BG-II Cotton 
Andhra Pradesh  Amruth Cotton Grow (growth promoter), Mahyco Jungee Cotton, multiplex BTC Cotton micro nutrient, Navaneeth cotton (NCS929), EZEE Cotton- herbal crop health enhancer 
Telangana  US 7067 BG II (SWCH 4749 BG II) Cotton, CCH 999 BG II Hybrid Cotton, Mahyco Dhandev + MRC 7373 BG-II Cotton, Mahyco Jungee Cotton, Amruth Cotton Grow 
Maharashtra  Amruth Cotton Grow, US 7067 BG II (SWCH 4749 BG II) Cotton, Mahyco Dhandev + MRC 7373 BG-II Cotton, EZEE Cotton- herbal crop health enhancer, RCH 659 BG II Cotton 

 

  1. What is the ideal soil type for Cotton cultivation?

Sandy loam 

  1. How is the seed treatment for cotton is done?

Treat the acid delinted seeds with Carbendazim (Bavistin 50% WP) or thiram or Captan at 2g/kg of seeds. Sow the seeds after 24 hrs of treatment. An alternative method is to mix the delinted seeds with 10 ml of Azospirillium (SUN BIO AZOS) or  Phosphobacteria.(SUN BIO PHOSI) mixed with cold jaggery solution. Dry the treated seeds in shade before sowing and use it on the same day. 

(Note: Biofertilizer and fungicide are incompatible., therefore they should not be mixed together) 

  1. What is fertilizer recommendation for cotton? 

The general dose of fertilizer recommendation for rainfed cotton is 20:10:10 kg/acre and irrigated cotton is 40:20:20 kg/acre. The commercial quantity for field application is given in the table below: 

Nutrient  Fertilizer  Dosage for rainfed cotton (per acre)  Dosage for Irrigated cotton (per acre) 
Organic  FYM or compost 

or 

Vermicompost 

5 ton 

or  

1 ton 

5 ton 

or    

1 ton 

N  Urea or   35 kg  69 kg 
Ammonium Sulphate  78 kg  156 kg 
P  DAP  22 kg  43 kg 
K  Muriate of Potash (MOP) or  17 kg  33 kg 
Sulphate of Potash (SOP)  20 kg  40 kg 
Zn 

(For Zn deficient soil) 

 

ANSHUL ZINC EDTA-FS (ZN 12%) micronutrient

 

 

Foliar spray: 0.5 – 1gm/l 

Soil application: 10 kg 

Foliar spray: 0.5 – 1 gm/l 

Soil application: 10 kg 

Mg  

(For Mg deficient soil) 

Multiplex Multi Mag (Magnesium Sulphate) 

Foliar spray: 3 – 4 g/l 

Soil application: 20 – 25 kg 

Foliar spray: 3 – 4 g/l 

Soil application: 20 – 25 kg 

 

  1. Suggest crops suitable for intercropping with cotton?

Short duration and quickly developing legumes such as black gram, green gram, soybean and cow pea, and vegetables (namely beet, onion, chilli) are suitable for cotton-based intercropping. 

  1. Which pre-emergence herbicide can be sprayed in cotton field to prevent weeds?

Apply BACF PLOD herbicide (Pendimethalin 30% EC) at 1000 ml/acre, 3 days after sowing using hand operated sprayer fitted with deflecting or fan type nozzle.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

  

 

Field Preparation for Maize

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Field Preparation for Maize
Field Preparation for Maize

Maize or corn Zea mays is the world’s most versatile crop. India is the 7th largest producer of maize in the world. In the year 2021-22 alone the country has exported 3,690,469.12 MT of maize to the world for the worth of Rs. 7,615.46 crores.  India’s major maize-growing states are Andra Pradesh, Karnataka, Bihar, Maharastra, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. Due to its versatile nature, maize is a very important crop that is grown in non-traditional regions like Jammu and Kasmir and other North Eastern states.

Difficulty Level:

Medium

Selection of Seeds:

There are well over 3000 varieties of corn that are available in the market today. Popular varieties that are grown today are Ambrosia Hybrid Corn,  Jubilee Hybrid Corn,  Honey Select Hybrid Corn,  Golden Bantam Corn, Pioneer( P3396 and P3344), Dekalb (DKC 9178 and DKC 9081), Syngenta (NK7328 and NK30), CP (818, and 333), Tata seeds (DMH 8255), Advanta (Hi-Brix 53 ), Kaveri Seeds ( KMH 1411)  and Hytech Sona – 5101.

Pre-soaking of Seeds:

Seeds need to be soaked overnight for better germination. As corn seeds are shrivelled for preservation purposes.

Maize Seed Treatment:

To prevent termites and other soil-borne insects the maize seeds are treated with Imidacloprid 70WS (7.5-8g a.i /Kg of seeds).

To control seed borne diseases, treat maize seeds with carbendazim or thiram at 2g/kg of seed. The seed treatment for maize will prevent the seeds from seed borne diseases like smut, downy mildew, charcol rot etc . After the treatment shade dry the seeds for 15 minutes and later can go for sowing of seeds in a field.

Field Preparations for Maize:

  • Soil Type Requirements for maize:

A well-drained sandy red soil or black cotton soil is suitable for maize production.

  • Soil pH for Maize Production:

Maize, due to its hardy nature can grow very well in soil with pH levels anywhere from 5.5 to 7.5, depending on the variety. The optimal pH is 6 to 6.5.

Land Preparations of Maize:

The land preparation for maize needs to be weeded completely. Farmers can use four prangs and completely remove all the weeds. This includes residue from previous crop production. Apply 12.5 tons/acre of FYM or composted coir pith and apply 10 packets of Azospirillum in the field and plough the land five to six times for a fine tilth. Then proceed to prepare ridges and furrows with 45 cm spacing. Ridges and furrows help in sasaving irrigation water.

Maize Sowing:

Maize is traditionally sown directly in the field. The seeds are sown at 1/3rd of the ridge from the bottom.

Conclusion:

Maize is a hardy crop that can be grown anywhere in the country. Maize also requires less maintenance and high return due to its high demand. Unlike other cash crops like rice and sugarcane maize also requires significantly less amount of water. Corn is definitely highly recommended for less effort with high returns.

FAQs 

  1. Suggest some popular varieties of maize?
States  Varieties/Hybrid 
Andhra Pradesh 

 

Shine hybrid maize seeds rise, Pioneer Agro Corn seed/ maize seed, Rise-303 Shine Hybrid maize seeds
Telangana  Pioneer Agro Corn seed/ Maize seed, Shine Hybrid Maize seeds rise 
Karnataka  Rise-303 Shine Hybrid maize seeds, Pioneer Agro corn seed/ maize seed, Rise-202 shine hybrid maize seeds

Shine Hybrid Maize seeds rise-404 seeds 

Tamil Nadu  Pioneer Agro Corn seed/ maize seed 

 

  1. How is seed treatment done for Maize?

Maize seeds can be treated with Fortenza duo insecticide at 4ml/kg of seed mainly to control fall armyworm. 

  1. Can I grow maize in sandy soil?

A well-drained sandy red soil or black cotton soil is suitable for maize production. 

  1. What is the seed rate for maize?

For Hybrids/Composites – 7 to 9 kg/acre 

Fodder – 16 to 20 kg/acre. 

  1. What is the ideal spacing of maize for optimum yield?

Adopt a spacing of 60 x 20 cm. 

  1. What is the fertilizer recommendation for maize?

The general dose of fertilizer recommendation for maize is 60:26:26 kg/acre. The commercial quantity to be applied in the field is mentioned in the table below: 

Nutrient  Fertilizers  General Dose (per acre) 
Organic  FYM or coir pith compost   5 ton 
N  Urea (or)  109 kg 
Ammonium Sulphate  244 kg 
P  Di Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)  56 kg 
K  Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)  43 kg 
Sulphate of Potash  52 kg 
Zn  

(For Zinc deficient soil) 

Zinc Micronutrient Fertilizer (Z3)  Foliar application: 0.5 – 1 g/l 

Soil application: 10 kg 

Fe 

(For iron deficient soil) 

Shamrock Iron (Ferrous) Chelated Micronutrient   Foliar application: 

1gm/1 litre 

Soil application: 10 kg 

Biofertilizer  Azospirillum (Pioneer Agro)   4 kg (Soil application) 

 

  1. What is the pre-emergence herbicide used to control weeds in maize field?

Apply Atrazine 50 WP (Atrataf at 1 -2 g/l) as pre-emergence on 3 – 5 DAS using Backpack/ Knapsack/ Rocker sprayer followed by one hand weeding on 30 – 35 DAS.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

 

Field Preparation for Paddy 

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Field Preparation for Paddy
Field Preparation for Paddy


India in the year 2021 – 22 in the Kharif season alone produced 111.76 million tonnes. India is the world’s second-largest rice producer. There has been a steady growth in paddy crop production over the past decade. India has the largest area under rice cultivation, far higher than any other agricultural crop. Rice is produced all across the country.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Selection of Seeds

There are over 10,000 varieties of rice available on market today. The major types of rice that are cultivated in the country are Basmati, Joha, Jyothi, Navara, Ponni, Pusa, Sona Masuri, Jaya, Kalajiri (aromatic), Boli, Palakkad Matta, Kattamodon, Kairali, Jyothy, Bhadra, Asha, Rakthashali of Kerala; Red Kavuni, Kaivara Samba, Mappillai Samba, Kuruvi Kar, and Poongar of Tamil Nadu. In the last year alone there were over 800 varieties of new rice strands were introduced.

Pre-soaking of Seeds

There are two methods of pre-soaking of seeds. There is seed priming and pre-germination soak. Seed priming is Paddy seed priming is to soak the seeds for 4 – 8 hours and re-dry the seeds before sowing.  Pre – germination of paddy seed treatment is to immerse the seed under water for 12 – 24 hours.

Paddy Seed Treatment

  • Bio Paddy Seed Treatment

There are several seed treatment options for paddy to choose from. There are both organic and inorganic methods of paddy seed treatment. Popular organic seed treatments for paddy are to use 600g/ha of Azospirillium or 1200g/ha of Azophos. In this bio-inoculation with an adequate amount of water overnight before sowing. Biocontrol agents for paddy are compatible with biofertilizers., therefore biofertilizers and biocontrol agents can be mixed together. Paddy seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens with the talc-based formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens 10g/kg of seed and soak in 1 litre of water overnight. The excess water can be decanted and the seeds are allowed 24 hrs to sprout and then sow.

  • Chemical Paddy Seed Treatment

Fungicide and biocontrol agents are not compatible. Fungicidal paddy seed treatment coating of seeds with fungicides such as Benlate or Mancozeb or Arazone red 3g/l for 1kg of seeds. Carbendazim or Pyroquilon or Tricyclozole solution at 2 g/l of water for 1 kg of seeds can be used to treat other seed-borne pathogens. Carbendazim (Bavistin) is coated at 2 g per litre of water for 1 kg of seeds. The seeds are then soaked in water for 10 hours and the excess water is drained. This is called a wet seed treatment which gives up to 40 days of protection from other diseases such as blast. Store the treated seeds in a gunny bag in a dark area and cover it with extra gunny bags. The seeds are to be left undisturbed for 24 hours for sprouting.

Nursery Bed Preparation for Paddy

There are various kinds of paddy nursery bed preparation that are practised. There are wet nurseries. The plots are marked at 2.5m breadth with 30cm wide channels all around the seedbeds. According to the soil and slope of the land, the length of the seedbed may vary.

The nursery should have a sufficient water supply as well as proper drainage. Dry plough the nursery twice and apply 1 ton of FYM. Replough the nursery and flood the nursery. The water should stay stagnant for another two days. This should be followed by puddling of the field.

Puddle the fields with 5 – 10 cm of stagnant water. Puddling is done with an iron puddler. Puddle the fields in opposite directions to loosen up the soil for better water percolation. Some of the more recent unconventional and unique paddy nursery bed preparation methods include Dapog, Mat and dry nursery.

Field Preparations for Paddy

  • Soil Type

Requirements for paddy is black loam. Paddy grows best in clayey loam or black loam.

  • Soil pH

Slightly acidic soil (pH 6)

Paddy Field Preparation (Transplanting Field)

The paddy field is prepared by flooding the fields one or two days before transplanting. The field is ploughed once or twice for a good tilth. During the final ploughing apply 12.5 t of FYM or compost or green leaf manure at 6.25 t/ha. Ten days before transplanting apply 22 kg/ha of urea. There should be a minimum of 2 – 2.5cm of water at the time of transplanting.

Conclusion

Paddy is a crop that requires a lot of care and maintenance. It is not an easy crop to cultivate. Rice, however, is the country’s most staple meal, therefore there is always market demand for rice.

FAQs 

  1. What are the popular varieties of Paddy?
States  Popular varieties 
Tamil Nadu  Short duration – IR64, CO 47, ADT 36, MDU 5, ASD 16 

Medium duration – IR 20, CO43, ADT 46, MDU 3,4, white ponni 

Long duration – Ponmani (CR1009), BPT 5204 

Hybrid – CORH 1, CORH 2, CORH 3 

Karnataka  Madhu, Jothi, Jaya, Shakthi, Prakash, Pragathi 
Andhra Pradesh  MTU 1156, MTU 1153, NLR 34449, Jyothi, ADT 37, BPT 5204, NLR 3111, BPT 2858 (Red rice), Swarna 
Telangana  NLR 145, NLR 28523, BPT 3291, MTU 5293, MTU 1156, MTU 1153, MTU – 1290, Co 51, Super Aman, Telangana Sona (RNR 15048), KNM 1638 (Kunaram vari 2), WGL 962 (Warangal vari 2), JGL 1798 (Jagityal Sannalu) 
Kerala  Short duration – Kattamodan-tall (PTB 28), Rohini (PTB 36), Jyothi (PTB 39), Swarna Prabha (PTB 43), Kairali (PTB 49), Kanjana (PTB 50) 

Medium duration– Aswathy (PTB 37), Sabari (PTB 40), Aathira (PTB 51), Aiswarya (PTB 52), Asha MO 5 

Long duration – Reshmi (PTB 44), Nila (PTB 48), Karuna (PTB 54), Makaram (KTR 2), Kumbham (KTR 3) 

 

  1. How to avoid root snapping while pulling out the seedling for transplanting in Paddy?
  • Apply 2 kg of DAP per cent, 10 days prior to pulling out, if seedlings are to be pulled out after 25 days. 
  • In case of clayey soils where root snapping is a problem, 4 kg of gypsum and 1 kg of DAP/cent can be applied at 10 days after sowing.  
  1. What is the optimum planting depth for better establishment of paddy?
  • Shallow planting (3 cm) ensures quick establishment and more tillers 
  • Deeper planting (> 5cm) leads to delayed establishment and reduced tillers. 
  1. When and how much green leaf manure should be applied in Paddy field?

During the final ploughing, apply green leaf manure at 2.5 t/acre. 

  1. How is seed treatment for paddy done?

There are several seed treatment options for paddy to choose from. 

Biological seed treatment: 

Treat the paddy seeds with 10ml of Azospirillium (SUN BIO AZOS) or Phosphobacteria (SUN BIO PHOSI) in cold jaggery solution and apply evenly on seeds surface. Dry the treated seeds in shade and use it on the same day.  Paddy seeds can also be treated with talc – based formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (SONKUL SUN BIO MONUS) at 10 gm/kg of seed and soak in 1 litre of water overnight. The excess water should be decanted and allow the seeds to sprout for 24 hrs and then sow. 

(Note: Biocontrol agents for paddy are compatible with biofertilizers., therefore biofertilizers and biocontrol agents can be mixed together) 

Chemical seed treatment: 

Treat the seeds with Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) at 2g/l or BAAN fungicide (Tricyclazole 75% WP) at 1 g/l of water for 1 kg of seeds. Soak the seeds in water for 10 hrs and drain excess water. This wet seed treatment gives protection to seedlings up to 40 days from seedling disease such as blast. If the seeds are required for sowing immediately, keep the soaked seed in gunny in dark and cover with extra gunnies and leave for 24 hrs for sprouting.  

(Note: Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible., therefore they should not be mixed together) 

  1. What is the general dose of fertilizer recommendation for paddy crop?

General dose of fertilizer recommendation for paddy is 49:24:24 kg/acre. The commercial quantity to be applied in the field is mentioned in the table below. 

Nutrient  Fertilizers  General Dose (per acre) 
Organic  FYM/compost. 

or 

Green leaf manure 

5 ton 

or 

2 – 3 ton 

N  Urea (or)  106 kg 
Ammonium Sulphate  239 kg 
P  Single Super Phosphate (SSP) (or)  150 kg 
Double Super Phosphate (DSP)  75 kg 
K  Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)  40 kg 
Sulphate of Potash  48 kg 
Zn  

(For Zinc deficient soil) 

Zinc Micronutrient Fertilizer (Z3)  Foliar spray: 0.5 – 1 g/l 

Soil application: 10 kg 

 

  1. What is the pre-emergence herbicide used for paddy to control weed growth?

Apply pre-emergence herbicide Pretilachlor 50% EC (Craze or RACER) at 500 ml/acre or Pyrazosulfuron ethyl (Saathi herbicide) at 80 gm per acre. They should be applied within 3 – 4 days of transplanting.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

 

Planting Potatoes? Maximize Your Harvest with Proper Field Preparation

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Field Preparation for Potato
Field Preparation for Potato



Potato cultivation in India is there for 300 years. India in the fiscal year of 2021 the state of Uttar Pradesh alone produced about 16 million tons of potatoes. Potato export in the year 2019 – 2020 brought in 5 billion INR. Potatoes are a hardy crop that can grow in any region. Major potato-growing states in India are Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal, Bihar and Assam. Due to their versatility, value-added potatoes are always in demand.  

Difficulty Level:

Hard

Selection of Seeds:

Potatoes are usually propagated using seed tubers. The popular varieties include Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Lauvkar, Kufri Badshah, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Lalima, Kufri Jawahar, Kufri Sutlej, Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Pukhraj, Kufri Chipsona, and Kufri Anand. The exotic varieties of potatoes are Russet, Round White, Long White, Round Red, Yellow Flesh, Blue and Purple.  

Potato Seed Treatment:

Seed treatment is done to prevent seed-borne diseases such as black scurf, black leg, fusarium rot and late blight. Treat the seed tubers as a whole or cut them into halves with captan @ 2g/litre. Potato seed treatment is often done within 6 hrs of cutting. Treating the seeds with humic acid or organic growth booster will provide the plant with the necessary nutrients for germination and growth propagation 

Field Preparations for Potato:

  • Soil Type Requirements for potato:

Potatoes are grown in all types of soil except alkaline or saline soils. Soil that is naturally loose and promotes tuber growth and enlargement is ideally preferred. Loamy and sandy loam soil with rich organic matter and good drainage and aeration are best suited for cultivation.  

  • Soil pH for Potato Production:

Potato grows best in slightly acidic soil. The soil with a pH range of 5.2 – 6.4 is considered to be optimal. 

Land Preparations for Potatoes:

The land is ploughed with 20 – 25 cm and the tilled soil is exposed to the sun. Soil has to have high pore space which promotes better tuber growth and development. Add well-decomposed FYM 25 – 30 T/ha and mix it during the last ploughing. Furrows are created 50 – 60 cm before planting. The whole or cut tuber is then planted 15 – 20 cm apart on the centre of the ridge with a 5 – 7 cm depth and is covered with soil. The average seed rate is 1.5 – 1.8 t/ha for round varieties and 2 – 2.5 t/ha for oval varieties.  

There is a four-row potato planter that ICAR has released into the market that is becoming very popular among potato farmers in recent times. This device requires 2- 3 people to operate and plant up to 4- 5 hectares per day, reducing the labour cost significantly.  

Conclusion:

Potato is a hardy crop that is grown almost everywhere. Potato is an ideal crop where when value is added even during times with low market rates, it always guarantees a good return on investment. Unlike other crops, potatoes can be cultivated anywhere at any time.   

FAQs 

1. What are the popular varieties of potatoes in India? 

States  Varieties 
Karnataka  Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Lauvkar, Kufri Jawahar 
Tamil Nadu  Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Malar, Kufri Muthu, Kufri Swarna, Kufri Thangam, Kufri soga, Kufri Giriraj 
Telangana  Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Badshah, Kufri Pushraj, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Khyati, Kufri Surya 
Andhra Pradesh  Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Himalani, Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Lalima 
Himachal Pradesh  Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Pushraj 
Uttar Pradesh  Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2, Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Lalima 

 

  1. How is potato tuber treatment done?

Treat the tubers with Metalaxyl 35 % (Ridomet or Krilaxyl power) 1g/l + 2-BROMO 2-NITRO PROPANE – 1,3 DIOL; 95% w/w (Bactinash) 0.5 g/l + Humic acid substance (V-Hume Plus) 10 ml/l of water. 

  1. What is the seed rate of potato varieties in India?

The average seed rate is 0.6 – 0.7 t/acre for round varieties and 0.8 – 1 t/acre for oval varieties. 

  1. What is the ideal soil type for potato cultivation?

Potatoes are grown in all types of soil except alkaline or saline soils. Loamy and sandy loam soil with rich organic matter and good drainage and aeration are best suited for cultivation. 

  1. How to plant potato tuber?

Furrows are created 50 – 60 cm before planting. The whole or cut tuber is then planted 15 – 20 cm apart on the centre of the ridge with a 5 – 7 cm depth and is covered with soil. Four-row potato planter released by ICAR will be effective for this purpose which also reduces labour costs significantly. 

(Tuber – It is a part of the plant that grows beneath the soil surface) 

  1. What is the general dose of fertilizer recommendation for potatoes?

The general dose of fertilizer recommendation for potatoes is 49:24:49 kg/acre. The commercial quantity to be applied in the field (per acre) is mentioned in the table below. 

Nutrient  Fertilizers  General Dose (per acre) 
Organic  FYM/compost.  10 –11 ton 
N  Urea (or)  105 kg 
Ammonium Sulphate  237 kg 
P  Single Super Phosphate (SSP) (or)  152 kg 
Double Super Phosphate (DSP)  76 kg 
K  Muriate of Potash (MOP) (or)  81 kg 
Sulphate of Potash  97 kg 
Mg   Magnesium sulphate (Multiplex Multi MAG)  Foliar spray: 3 – 4 g/l 
Biofertilizer   Azospirillium (Pioneer Agro) and  Phosphobacteria (Pioneer Agro)  4 kg each 

 

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Krishi Darshan Expo 2023 – An Event To Bring Technological Developments In Farming

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The Krishi Darshan Expo 2023 is an event that helps to create a single site crossing point for the Indian farming and agricultural community to get together and explore areas of mutual business benefits. It welcomes all the service providers, manufacturers, government departments, policymakers, and institutes to come and take part in creating a better world for the farmers, where there is growth and profitable business opportunities for them.  

Event Overview:

  • Name of the event: Krishi Darshan Expo 2023 
  • Start Date: 18th February 2023
  • Duration of the event: 18th to 20th February, 9:00 am to 6:00 pm 
  • Address of the event: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Department of Agriculture Cooperation, NRFMTTI, Hisar (Haryana) 
  • Host of the event: (who conducts the event) – Krishi Darshan Expo 
  • Website: (For application, If Any) – https://www.krishidarshanexpo.com/ 

What are the event details and highlights?

The Krishi Darshan Expo is a three days exhibition that promises to have more than 300 exhibitors. Additionally, it will have over 1,00,000 visitors from various parts of the country. Other key highlights of the exhibition are:

  • Inaugural ceremony
  • National technical seminar
  • Cultural program
  • Real-time product demonstrations
  • Business networking lunch and dinner
  • Business meetings aimed at B2G, B2C, B2B networking
  • Branding hoardings

What is the core objective of the exhibition that will help farmers?

The Krishi Darshan Expo attracts framers from Haryana and also other nearby states like Delhi, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. The dealers, trade visitors, heads, dealers, and distributors from all over India will be part of the expo. The exhibition acts as one of the prominent platforms for every exhibitor to showcase the latest products from the pre- to the post-harvesting stage in the agricultural sector. Here farmers will also get to learn about ways to explore new markets in the agriculture industry and can use this know-how to their advantage.  

How to apply?

People willing to be a part of this exhibition can apply for it by taking the following steps: 

  • Go to the main website, https://www.krishidarshanexpo.com/ 
  • Scroll down to the mid-section of the webpage and click on the “Register Now” option 
  • On clicking, a form will appear where you get to register as an exhibitor or visitor. You need to choose that before proceeding with the form. 
  • Under the section of basic information, key in the name, email, and contact number.
  • Under the section of your profile, add your company name, designation, and a message that you want to.  
  • After filling up the details press sign-up to submit the form.  

The Krishi Darshan Expo 2023 also creates a business ambiance that enables farmers and other attendees as exhibitors to interact and transact with various Indian companies, all under one roof. The exhibition will provide great scope for any leading player in farming, which can include you too, to grow their existing client base. Farmers can explore all the probable business opportunities in one exhibition and create scopes for better earning in the forthcoming years.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

The unboxing of Neptune Battery Operated Knapsack Garden Sprayer (BS 13 PLUS)

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The Neptune BS 13 Plus is a double battery-operated knapsack garden sprayer. It can provide a mist spray or a continuous spray setting. This equipment is ideal for spraying insecticides to protect the crop in any field. It works automatically with no manual effort for pressure control. There is a pressure button provided at the bottom near the charging socket.

Features Of Sprayer

  • Neptune BS 13 Plus has a battery capacity of 12 Ah and a voltage of 12V.
  • The tank has a cavity of 16L, a dimension of 40 x 22 x 49 cm, and a weight of 8 kg.
  • The pressure capacity available is 0.2 to 0.45 Pa which can be controlled by a single button.
  • The battery needs charging for 6 hours and has a working capacity of 4-5 hours.
  • With each charging the equipment can work for anywhere between 40-50 tank changes.

Assembling the Sprayer

The Neptune BS 13 Plus sprayer comes with a sprayer hose, lance, nozzles, filter, charging wire, etc.

  • First of all, connect the spraying pipe at the bottom of the tank.
  • Connect the trigger which helps you control the spray to the other end of the pipe.
  • Now is the time to connect the lance to the end of the trigger.
  • The nozzles will be connected to the end of the lance. You may choose any of the nozzles provided, as per the user’s requirement.
  • Charge the battery fully and then disconnect the wire. Secure the socket as well.
  • Open the mouth of the tank and fit in the filter. Fill up the tank and close the lid tightly.
  • Strap the equipment on your shoulders and it is now ready to use.

Conclusion

The polyethene material of the tank will keep it safe from the solvents filling inside. It can sustain corrosion for a long time and lasts for many years with careful usage and maintenance.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Rajasthan Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana

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Rajasthan Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana
Rajasthan Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana


The Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana is the Animal Insurance scheme by the Rajasthan government. The scheme allows the farmers in the animal husbandry sector to insure a certain number of their animals with a minimal premium amount. They will get subsidised premiums with the state government bearing the major share of the amount. In return, the farmers will get an insurance amount in case their animals are dead due to calamities or other diseases. This article will explain this plan.

Scheme Overview

  • Scheme Name: Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana
  • Scheme Modified: 10.10.2015
  • Scheme Fund Allocated: Subsidy on animal insurance premium
  • Type of Government Scheme: State Government of Rajasthan
  • Sponsored / Sector Scheme: Animal Insurance Scheme
  • Website to apply: https://rajasthan.gov.in/
  • Helpline No.: NA

Features of Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana

The Rajasthan Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana is one of the successful schemes of the state government. With the help of this scheme, a farmer could get up to INR 50,000 as animal insurance for the loss of an animal. The scheme allows them to insure 5-10 animals, depending on their size. Further details about the scheme are given in the table below.

CATEGORY   REMARKS 
Insurance For  Up to 10 small animals 

Up to 5 big animals 

Premium Plan  70% premium paid by government 

30% by the beneficiary 

Cow Insurance   Up to INR 40000 
Insurance For Buffalo, Sheep, Horses, Camel Etc   Up to INR 50000 
Premium Amount  INR 330 to INR 688 paid by the beneficiary 

Benefits of Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana

  • The insurance will be for a certain number of animals but the beneficiary will not have to pay a huge amount. Instead, the government will share 70% of the premium.  
  • Death of animals due to some diseases, calamities or disasters are all covered under this scheme. 
  • Farmers who rear a wide variety of animals can take advantage of this scheme.  
  • Both indigenous and cross-breed varieties of animals are included in this scheme.

Drawbacks of Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana

  • Rajasthan Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana is a good scheme for animal-rearing farmers but it covers only 5 animals for the bigger-sized ones and 10 for the small-sized animals. This will not be a great help for those having more than 10 or hundreds of animals. The insurance is fixed at 5 or 10. This will only benefit small-scale farmers.  
  • The same is the case for those rearing multiple animals on the same farm. The loss will be huge in a disaster or epidemic. This Bhamashah Pashu Bima scheme will need some refinements to include all aspects.  
  • While the government bears a major share of the premium amount, the bearer should pay the 15% service tax, which is not part of the subsidised amount.

How to Apply for Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana?

You cannot apply for the Rajasthan Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana online. Farmers must have a Bhamashah card to insure more animals.

  • Step 1: You must approach the local veterinary hospital for the same.  
  • Step 2: The local veterinary doctor will inform the insurance company and they will visit you.  
  • Step 3: The doctor will issue a health certificate for the animal or animals concerned.  
  • Step 4: The insurance company will inspect the animal and place the tag on its ear.  
  • Step 5: A photo of you and the animal together, will be taken.  
  • Step 6: The insurance company will issue the insurance after the inspection.

At the time of the animal’s death, you must inform the insurance company immediately or within 6 hours. Immediately if it is daytime, and the next morning itself if the animal died at night. They will send someone for assessment. A post-mortem of the animal will be necessary.

Documents Required

  • Bhamashah card 
  • Application form duly filled 
  • Animal’s health insurance certificate 
  • Photograph of the animal you intend to insure, with its tag visible.  
  • Copy of the BPL card 
  • Caste certificate for SC/ST 
  • Bank account details

Conclusion

Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana has been a game changer for animal rearers. In the past, many farmers in animal husbandry had to suffer huge losses due to the untimely death of their animals. This Bhamashah Pashu Bima Yojana is brought about to cut down such losses and provide some kind of financial support to the sufferers.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.

Soil Health Card Scheme: Benefits for Farmers in India

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Soil Health Card Scheme
Soil Health Card

Soil Health Card is part of the Soil Health Management Scheme which will help the farmer get the complete list of soil nutrients and the general soil health on their land. The scheme will enhance proper farming practices and soil management techniques for increased productivity and income.

Scheme Overview

  • Scheme Name: Soil Health Card scheme 
  • Scheme Modified: 10.02.2015 
  • Scheme Fund Allocated: Under the scheme village youth and farmers up to 40 years of age are eligible to set up Soil Health laboratories and undertake testing. A lab costs up to Rs. 5,00,000, 75 percent of which can be funded by central and state governments.
  • Type of Government Scheme: Central State Government of India 
  • Sponsored / Sector Scheme: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare 
  • Website to apply: https://www.soilhealth.dac.gov.in/ 
  • Helpline No.: To the State Nodal Officers
  • Scheme Type: National Scheme
  • Covered States: The Soil Health Card Scheme covers all states across India, including Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal.

Features of the Soil Health Card Scheme

The Soil Health Card scheme is a wonderful initiative showing long-term benefits for the farmers and their land. See further details about this scheme in the table below.

CATEGORY  REMARKS 
Who is SHC for?  All farmers in any state of India.  
What does SHC contain?  Soil nutrient report and other parameters including soil pH, organic carbon content, electrical conductivity, and soil nutrient level of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, boron, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese.  
SHC is printed in which language?  SHC will be available in 22 languages. 
How often can I apply for SHC?  SHC will be issued every 3 years
Who will collect the soil sample?  State Government representatives 
What is the fee for SHC?  INR 190 which includes all expenses from collection, sampling, testing, and issuing the card.  

Benefits of the Soil Health Card Scheme

  • With the Soil Health Card, the farmers will receive a regular soil nutrient report and a detailed report on which crops will be suitable for which season for the particular nutrient combination of their land.  
  • The farmers will have a clear idea about their soil and can choose the appropriate crop suitable as per the soil profile. It will be more beneficial than growing random crops.  
  • There will be assistance from experts if the farmers require it.  
  • They will get training in various soil management practices, which will help them improve the soil profile over the period and increase their productivity.  
  • The Soil Card will show which nutrients are lacking in the soil, so the farmers need to supply only those that will maintain the soil health and be economical for the farmers.

Drawbacks of Soil Health Card Yojana

The Soil Health Card will provide the details only once in 3 years. The details can be inaccurate if natural calamities or other environmental factors have disrupted the region’s climate. Excessive rain or drought will also play havoc on the soil profile, so it may need a more frequent inspection than what is practiced now.

How to Apply for Soil Health Card?

Although the State Government authorities provide the SHC, farmers can request the same to find the nearest soil testing laboratory.

  • Step 1- Go to the official website of Soil Health Card click on the RELATED LINKS and choose FARMERS PORTAL 
  • Step 2- You will be redirected to the respective portal. 
  • Step 3- Choose the Soil Health Card tab.  
  • Step 4- Select ‘Soil Testing Laboratory’, and you will see all the states displayed. Each state will have a DETAILS button which will reveal further details.  
  • Step 5- Click on the respective button against your state.  
  • Step 6- You will now have the details of all the available labs in the state. Note down the one that is closer to you. 
  • Step 7- Take your soil sample here, and they will send the reports to the authorities. 
  • Step 8- You will get the report sent to you, or you can download it from the Soil Health Card Portal. For this, choose Download SHC instead of Soil Testing Laboratory.

Documents Required for Soil Health Card

  • Aadhar card
  • Address proof 
  • Passbook copy 
  • Registration Form 

Conclusion

With Soil Health Card Yojana, the farmers can use fertilizers that are necessary for the required amount instead of using fertilizers excessively without a clear picture of their availability in the soil. This scheme will be fruitful and more successful in the coming years when used correctly.

For more information on how farmers can access financial assistance to manage their farming needs, visit our detailed guide on the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme.

Note: The information contained herein is for informational purposes only. Nothing herein shall be construed to be financial or legal advice. Pesticides are a considerable risk of loss in crops and viewers are advised to do their own research before making any decisions.